Freshwater sponge silicateins: Comparison of gene sequences and exon-intron structure

Kalyuzhnaya, O. V.; Krasko, Anatoli; Grebenyuk, V. A.; Ицкович, В. Б.; Semiturkina, N. A.; Соловаров, И. С.; Mueller, Werner; Беликов, С. И.

doi:10.1134/s002689331103006x

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…However, not all sponges appear to have silicatein, being reliably identified to date in two of the three siliceous classes (Hexactinellida and Demospongiae; Fig. 1a) of the four recognized in the phylum (Shimizu et al 1998;Cha et al 1999;Krasko et al 2000, Funayama et al 2005Müller et al 2007bMüller et al , 2008aKozhemyako et al 2010;Kalyuzhnaya et al 2011;Veremeichik et al 2011Wang et al 2012b). It is not surprising that the members of the class Calcarea, characterized by producing calcareous spicules, lack silicatein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Proposal for the Evolution of Cathepsin and Silicatein in Sponges

et al. 2015

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Cathepsins are enzymes capable of degrading proteins intracellularly. They occur ubiquitously in opisthokonts, but their potential to provide insight across the evolutionary transition from protists to metazoans remains poorly investigated. Here, we explore the evolution of cathepsins using comparative analyses of transcriptomic datasets, focusing on both, protists (closely related to metazoans), and early divergent animals (i.e., sponges). We retrieved DNA sequences of nine cathepsin types (B, C, D, F, H, L, O, Z, and silicatein) in the surveyed taxa. In choanoflagellates, only five types (B, C, L, O, Z) were identified, all of them being also found in sponges, indicating that while all cathepsins present in protists were conserved across metazoan lineages, cathepsins F and H (and probably D) are metazoan acquisitions. The phylogeny of cysteine protease cathepsins (excluding cathepsin D) revealed two major lineages: lineage B (cathepsins B and C) and lineage L (cathepsins F, H, L, O, Z). In the latter lineage, a mutation at the active site of cathepsin L gave rise to silicatein, an enzyme exclusively known to date from siliceous sponges and involved in the production of their silica spicules. However, we found that several sponges with siliceous spicules did not express silicatein genes and that, in contrast, several aspiculate sponges did contain silicatein genes. Our results suggest that the ability to silicify may have evolved independently within sponges, some of them losing this capacity secondarily. We also show that most phylogenies based on cathepsin and silicatein genes (except for that of cathepsin O) failed to recover the major lineages of sponges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Proposal for the Evolution of Cathepsin and Silicatein in Sponges

et al. 2015

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“…Three of these genes have the conserved 7 exons observed in the silicatein genes of L. baicalensis and S. domuncula (Fig. 2.4) (Kaluzhnaya et al 2011;Müller et al 2003;Schröder et al 2005). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This gene structure modification may result in the loss or gain of particular functions of the silicatein protein (Kaluzhnaya et al 2011). Silicatein proteins have a dual function, a structure-guiding function which provide biosilica a structural support, and a structure-forming with an enzymatic function (Müller et al 2014 silicatein genes (intron phase sequence: 5'-0-0-1-0-0-2-3') ( Table 2.2) (Belikov et al 2007;Müller et al 2007b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Afterward, silicatein has been isolated from other marine sponges, including Petrosia ficiformis (Pozzolini et al 2004), Hymeniacidon perlevis (Cao et al 2007), Cratomorpha meyeri (Müller et al 2008b), Latrunculia oparinae (Kozhemyako et al 2009) and Geodia cydonium (Müller et al 2007c), as well as freshwater sponges including Lubomirskia baicalensis (Kaluzhnaya et al 2005;Kaluzhnaya et al 2011), Ephydatia fluviatilis (Funayama et al 2005;Mohri et al 2008) and Ephydatia muelleri (Kaluzhnaya et al 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, freshwater sponges seem to lack silicatein β but often code for four isoforms of silicatein α (e.g. E. fluviatilis and L. baicalensis; Kaluzhnaya et al 2005;Kaluzhnaya et al 2011;Mohri et al 2008). In E. fluviatilis primmorph the different silicatein α isoforms are expressed at different times during the formation of spicules (Mohri et al 2008),…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of silicatein gene expression and spicule formation in the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica

Gauthier¹

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The skeletal elements in most sponges are siliceous spicules. These are fabricated into species-specific sizes and shapes. Demosponges, in particular, have specialised cells called sclerocytes that possess the unique ability to synthesise biosilica and these spicules.Underlying the diversity of demosponge spicules morphology is a conserved protein, called silicatein. This thesis aims to investigate the process of spiculogenesis in the different developmental stages of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica, and the evolution and developmental expression of the silicatein gene family in relation to spicule formation.A. queenslandica is the only sponge species to have its genome fully sequenced, assembled and annotated, and currently is one of the best models to study sponge development (Srivastava et al. 2010). This species broods embryos year-round, facilitating the access to Conservation of gene structure and exon length in silicatein and cathepsin L genes suggests that these genes have preserved an ancestral gene structure common to both gene families in both marine and freshwater sponges.Using in situ hybridisation, I demonstrated that silicatein genes are expressed during A. queenslandica early embryonic development, with genes being expressed exclusively in sclerocytes. Analysis of gene expression levels through embryogenesis and metamorphosis, using RNA-Seq performed on a pool of same stage individuals, revealed that all silicatein-like genes are differentially expressed throughout development, and the expression of silicatein genes occurs prior to spicule formation. However, some silicatein-like gene expression levels and spicule number do not appear to be tightly correlated.

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Determination of elemental composition of Lake Baikal sponges by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

2013

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Sponge endemic species inhabit the Lake Baikal from the ancient times. Because the sponges are the biological filters of the Baikal water and they contribute greatly to silicon circulation in the lake, it is crucial to analyze their composition. Only a few publications report the analytical data concerning the element composition of Lake Baikal sponges. However, the analytical data were mainly obtained by destructive methods. No data on the concentrations of some alkaline and volatile elements are available so far. This article describes the application of wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry to study the sponges of Lubomirskia baicalensis, Baikalospongia bacillifera, and Baikalospongia recta species collected at the littoral part of the Beryozovy Cape in the Southern Baikal. The concentrations of 19 elements Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, and Ba have been determined. In this article, we discuss the problem of selecting calibration samples for wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, because appropriate reference samples are not available. The synthetic specimens, prepared by mixing plant certified reference materials and silicon dioxide in certain proportions, were proposed for calibration. The compositions of sponges cleaned from mineral particles and symbiotic organisms, as well as unwashed sponges, have been compared. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Freshwater sponge silicateins: Comparison of gene sequences and exon-intron structure

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

A Proposal for the Evolution of Cathepsin and Silicatein in Sponges

A Proposal for the Evolution of Cathepsin and Silicatein in Sponges

Analysis of silicatein gene expression and spicule formation in the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica

Determination of elemental composition of Lake Baikal sponges by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

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