FRET energy transfer via Pdots improves the efficiency of photodynamic therapy and leads to rapid cell death

Haupt, Sara; Lazar, Itay; Weitman, Hana; Shav‐Tal, Yaron; Ehrenberg, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.019

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our findings are emblematic of an emerging body of literature that focuses on what sensitization by CPNs can do for dyes rather than what dyes can do for CPNs in the form of emission tuning. For example, several groups have demonstrated that CPN-sensitized dyes can produce singlet oxygen for photodynamic therapy applications. − Applications such as this use the CPNs as amplifiers to generate a higher concentration of the dye’s excited state than would be possible upon direct excitation of the dye with comparable light intensity. The dye’s excited state is then deactivated by a subsequent photochemical reaction or photophysical process that would occur only rarely without the sensitization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing Amplified Energy Transfer: Tuning Particle Size and Dye Loading in Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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We investigate amplified energy transfer in conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs or Pdots) by studying both fluorescence quenching of CPN donors and the sensitization of reactive dye acceptors. By delivering excitation energy to dye dopants via a combination of Forster energy transfer and exciton diffusion, CPNs act as powerful light-harvesting antennae. This phenomenonamplified energy transferis used to sensitize dye dopants, producing a higher concentration of the dye's excited state than would be observed upon direct excitation. Here, we study CPN sensitization of a low-efficiency photochemical reaction to determine the CPN size and dye loading that yield optimized outputs in the form of energy transfer efficiency, the antenna effect (AE), and reaction duration. Our model system is the cycloreversion reaction of a diarylethene (DAE) photochrome as the dye dopant and CPNs of the conjugated polymer poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-1,4-benzo-{2,1′-3}-thiadiazole] as the sensitizer. In their visible-absorbing form, DAE dyes are localized on the particle surface and are effective fluorescence quenchers of 15, 20, and 26 nm diameter CPNs. Quenching is most efficient for the smallest particles, and high dye loadings are necessary to offset reduced efficiency as CPN size increases. Our photokinetic studies of DAE acceptors demonstrate the crucial importance of dye loading: both energy transfer efficiency and the AE show abrupt declines when the dye concentration is increased beyond a critical threshold. We find that CPNs with a 15 nm diameter exhibit the most efficient energy transfer (99−100%) and the largest AE (32) of the CPNs studied. For CPNs of all sizes and dye loadings, a photoselection phenomenon reveals that the energy-transferaccepting ability of the DAE dyes varies tremendously within the dye ensemble. These findings are used to develop design recommendations for CPN sensitizers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing Amplified Energy Transfer: Tuning Particle Size and Dye Loading in Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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“…This will cause an increased production of singlet oxygen. Based on their initial study, Ehrenberg et al have further demonstrated that implementing FRET energy transfer with this system leads to quick and aggressive cell death, thus improving the efficacy of the PDT …”

Section: Conjugated Polymer‐based Photosensitizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Considerations and Conjugated Polymer‐Based Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy

Meng

Hou

Zhou

et al. 2017

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Conjugated polymers have recently attracted a great deal of attention for applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT) because of their light-harvesting capability, efficient energy transfer, and singlet oxygen generation properties. This review describes recent advances in PDT development, including therapeutic mechanisms of PDT in cancer treatments, light excitation methods, and especially recent advances of conjugated polyelectrolytes and conjugated polymer nanoparticles as photosensitizers. The future direction on PDT and further development of conjugated polymer photosensitizers are discussed. The aim of this review is to stimulate innovative ideas to synthesize a new generation of conjugated polymer photosensitizers and promote their translation to clinical applications of PDT.

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“…Alternatively, hydrophobic polymers exhibiting TADF can be coprecipitated with amphiphilic polymers in water, giving luminescent nanoparticles termed polymer dots (Pdots). Pdots are water‐soluble nanoparticles containing ≥50 % semiconducting polymer by weight or volume, [20] and have emerged as powerful probes for bioimaging, [20–26] biosensing, [27–30] and photodynamic therapy [31–33] . Characterized by improved photostability and high brightness, Pdots can also be functionalized for cell targeting and therapy, providing a versatile platform for theranostics [34] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Boron‐Difluoride‐Curcuminoid‐Based Polymers Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence as Biological Imaging Probes

et al. 2021

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Near‐infrared‐emitting polymers were prepared using four boron‐difluoride‐curcuminoid‐based monomers using ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Well‐defined polymers with molecular weights of ≈20 kDa and dispersities <1.07 were produced and exhibited near‐infrared (NIR) emission in solution and in the solid state with photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL) as high as 0.72 and 0.18, respectively. Time‐resolved emission spectroscopy revealed thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in polymers containing highly planar dopants, whereas room‐temperature phosphorescence dominated with twisted species. Density functional theory demonstrated that rotation about the donor–acceptor linker can give rise to TADF, even where none would be expected based on calculations using ground‐state geometries. Incorporation of TADF‐active materials into water‐soluble polymer dots (Pdots) gave NIR‐emissive nanoparticles, and conjugation of these Pdots with antibodies enabled immunofluorescent labeling of SK‐BR3 human breast‐cancer cells.

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FRET energy transfer via Pdots improves the efficiency of photodynamic therapy and leads to rapid cell death

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Maximizing Amplified Energy Transfer: Tuning Particle Size and Dye Loading in Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

Maximizing Amplified Energy Transfer: Tuning Particle Size and Dye Loading in Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

Therapeutic Considerations and Conjugated Polymer‐Based Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy

Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Boron‐Difluoride‐Curcuminoid‐Based Polymers Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence as Biological Imaging Probes

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