“…A second rationale for examining these four cases is that there is by now a substantial body of information on which to base such a study, and an in-depth examination of the kind offered in this paper is made possible by the wealth of material not previously available. This paper draws on: five books (Gamble, 2009;Krugman, 2008;Shiller, 2008, Sorkin, 2009Tett, 2009) and seven scholarly articles (Arnold, 2009;Hopwood, 2009;Jain, 2009;McSweeney, 2009;Sikka, 2009;Stein, 2011Stein, , 2013 that examine the various aspects of the credit crisis; two books (Perman, 2012;Martin, 2013), two articles Robinson, 2011, 2012) and the report by the House of Commons Scottish Affairs Committee (2010) specifically concerned with HBOS and RBS; and two books (Acharya et al, 2011;Hagerty, 2012) and eight articles (Frame and White, 2004, 2005, 2007Koppell, 2001;Peterson, 2009;Thompson, 2009;Wallison, 2009;Wallison and Calomiris, 2009) that examine Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as well as the report by the United States Congress House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (2009) on the two American GSEs. Some of these books and articles are based on large numbers of interviews with key players in the events examined in this paper, others are authored by insiders directly involved, while still others provide verbatim records of enquiry testimony into these events.…”