Friction coefficient and surface roughness of TiN‐coated HSS deposited using cathodic arc evaporation PVD technique

Ali, Mubarak; Hamzah, Esah; Toff, Mohammad Radzi

doi:10.1108/00368790810871048

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Under varying chamber pressure, a discernible change in the morphology and growth rate of carbon films was observed [16]. TiN coatings on different substrates under varying process conditions employing 'cathodic arc physical vapor deposition', a different morphologystructure along with hardness, surface roughness, friction coefficient, adhesion strength and overall performance of coated tools have been studied [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In addition to these studies, there are several other available studies in the literature targeting TiN coatings along with their processing techniques and analyses [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Different Behaviors Of Tiny Grains Carbon Films Registered Umentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mapping of N-atoms distribution along with the ratio of contentThere are several studies where reduction of MDs for depositing hard coatings was investigated under the different conditions of process along with impact of their tools in the ultra-precision machining[17][18][19][20][23][24][25].Hard coatings belong to the category of refractory materials. They don't conduct field despite of the fact that their major component contains atoms of metallic nature.Adherence of gaseous atoms to metallic atoms result in the formation of coatings with low conductivity and gaseous atoms act as insulator, where field of propagating photons (having characteristic of current) is interrupted to a large extent.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Ali¹,

Hamzah²,

Toff³

2018

Preprint

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Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on a substrate have caught the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery, ultra-precision machine-tool coatings and coatings for miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitably different natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors, when in their certain transition states, provide the provision to bind (adhere). In the binding mechanism of different nature suitable atoms, electron (of outer ring) belonging to filled state gaseous nature atom takes another clamp of energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to unfilled state solid-natured atom. Set conditions of the process provide the provision of binding different nature atoms in a technique or method meant for it. Different natures of atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating ground points between their original ones where gaseous nature atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron-level while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron-level. Ti–Ti binding occurs through the difference of expansion of their energy knots nets when one atom just lands on the already landed atom while the adhered nitrogen atom incorporates at their interstitial position. Under suitable set parameters, differently natured atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface under the given conditions. The rate of solid-natured atoms ejecting or dissociating from the source depend on its nature, process parameters and the processing technique or approach. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing differently natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power. In addition to intrinsic nature of atoms, different properties and characteristics of coatings emerge as per engaged forces under the involved energy. The present study sets new trends in the field of coatings involving the diversified class of materials and their counterparts.

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Section: Different Behaviors Of Tiny Grains Carbon Films Registered Umentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Ali¹,

Hamzah²,

Toff³

2018

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While depositing TiN coatings on different substrates under varying process conditions while employing a technique known as 'cathodic arc physical vapor deposition', a different morphology-structure along with hardness, surface roughness, friction coefficient, adhesion strength and overall performance of coated tools were studied [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In addition to these studies, there are several other available studies in the literature targeting TiN coatings along with their processing techniques and analyses [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Different Behaviors Of Tiny Grains Carbon Films Registered Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Ali¹,

Hamzah²,

Toff³

2018

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on the viable substrates are the basic need of society and they attend the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery and security purposes, ultra-precision machine coatings and coatings of miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand of research and commercial objectives. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of differently natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors as per recovering of transition states provide the provision for electron (of outer ring) belonging to gas atom to undertake another clamp of unfilled energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to solid atom. Set process conditions switch force-energy behaviors of differently natured atoms as per at the ground surface where they nearly worked oppositely to the original state behaviors. Different natured atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating the ground point between original points where gas atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron levels while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron levels. Ti-atom to Ti-atom binding is through the difference of expansion of their lattices when one atom is just landing on the appropriately already landed atom where the adhered nitrogen atoms nearly incorporated in their interstitial sites. Under suitable set parameters, different nature atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface in the deposition chamber of certain energy source-based technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing different natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power where involved non-conserved energies engaged the non-conservative forces to keep the structure adhered. Different properties and characteristics of hard coatings emerged as per engaged forces under the set conditions of involved energy. The present study sets new trends not only in the field of coatings but also in the diversified class of materials and their counterparts, wherever, atoms recall their roles.

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“…Despite the advancement in PVD cathodic arc technology, defects and macroparticles of CA‐PVD coating is yet an unresolved challenge which affects the corrosion and tribological properties of these coatings . In a bid to improve the coatings properties and lessen the effect of these surface defects, annealing the coatings has been considered by several authors .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical evaluation of the corrosion protectiveness and porosity of vacuum annealed CrAlN and TiAlN cathodic arc physical vapor deposited coatings

Adesina

Gasem

Kumar

2019

Materials & Corrosion

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The corrosion behavior of cathodic arc physical vapor deposited CrAlN and TiAlN coatings were examined in 1 M HCl solution before and after vacuum annealing at 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) methods were used to study the corrosion behavior and porosity of the coatings in comparison with the bare steel substrate (304SS). Structural and mechanical characterization of the coatings were also conducted. It is found that with increasing annealing temperature, the mechanical properties of TiAlN increased due to age hardening caused by spinodal decomposition while the hardness of CrAlN decreased as result of relaxation. Similarly, EIS and PDP results revealed that the as‐deposited and annealed coatings offer higher corrosion resistance as compared to the bare 304SS substrate. The coatings susceptibility to corrosion is reduced after annealing as indicated by the increasing nobility of Ecorr. Both PDP and EIS tests revealed that CrAlN coating annealed at 1000°C exhibited superior corrosion resistance properties. It is found that the reduced current density for CrAlN coating annealed at 1000°C was due to the reduction in the porosity. Annealed TiAlN coating follows similar behavior until an optimum annealing temperature of 800°C. Beyond this temperature, porosity enlargement and an increase in the number of pores subsequent to structural changes deteriorated the corrosion resistance of TiAlN coating.

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Friction coefficient and surface roughness of TiN‐coated HSS deposited using cathodic arc evaporation PVD technique

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

Electrochemical evaluation of the corrosion protectiveness and porosity of vacuum annealed CrAlN and TiAlN cathodic arc physical vapor deposited coatings

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