This paper applies methods of theoretical analysis, lubrication calculation and test to study the vibration characteristics of marine rubber stern tube bearing (RSTB), and then the friction-induced vibration (FIV) phenomenon is investigated and the generation condition is analyzed. In order to study the tribological and vibration performance of the RSTB, a series of experiments are carried out, and then the stick-slip is the major precondition and the critical speed predominates within the motion. By increasing the specific pressure and the surface roughness of RSTB, it can lead to distinct vibration after the RSTB undergoes a transition from mild wear to severe wear. The analyses show how FIV generated and the results can be drawn as a function of effective measures to avoid abnormal vibration.