Frictional behaviour of non-crimp fabrics (NCFs) in contact with a forming tool

Avgoulas, Evangelos I.; Mulvihill, Daniel M.; Endruweit, A.; Sutcliffe, M.P.F.; Warrior, N.A.; Long, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2018.01.026

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Until now, the standard about interfacial shear strength s of carbon tow has not been set. This can be seen in the case of previous literatures [19,31,32], whose value of s is in range from 10 MPa to 100 MPa for carbon tows sliding against different counter-faces, so this s value is within the reference range.…”

Section: Ssupporting

confidence: 60%

Effect of normal load on the frictional and wear behaviour of carbon fiber in tow-on-tool contact during three-dimensional weaving process

Xie

Yang

et al. 2020

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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The effect of normal load on the frictional and wear behaviour of carbon fiber is investigated by simulating the tow-on-tool friction relevant to the beating-up motion of three-dimensional (3 D) weaving process. The true number of contact filaments over a range of normal loads is calculated by characterizing the cross-section parameters of carbon tow. The real contact area is calculated on the basis of the filaments amount by Hertzian contact model. The friction force values obtained from multiplying the real contact area with shear strength are closely with the measured results. The coefficient of friction increases with the increase of normal loads. When the normal load is 250, 400 and 600 mN, the tensile loss rate of the carbon tow after friction test is 6.3%, 23.2% and 42.4% respectively. The filaments reveal multiple fracture damage patterns which are caused by stretching, shearing and compression during the weaving process.

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Section: Ssupporting

confidence: 60%

Effect of normal load on the frictional and wear behaviour of carbon fiber in tow-on-tool contact during three-dimensional weaving process

Xie

Yang

et al. 2020

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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“…A continued work on the deformability characterization [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] creates a comprehensive database to be used in the forming simulations. This work also includes specific problems as fabric-tool friction characterization [93], localization of transverse tension [86], superposition of transverse tension and shear [94], difficulties in assessing the strain fields via DIC, caused by the fabric surface distortion [95], compaction characterization [96], forming of NCF composites with continuous NCFs [97]. The special attention is on wrinkling and other local defects of draping [98][99][100][101] and its predictability during forming on part level [102].…”

Section: Specific Deformability Of Stitched Ncfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in composite forming through 25 years of ESAFORM

et al. 2022

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The increase in the number of structural applications of composite materials, especially in the aerospace and automotive industries, has led to a demand for robust models to simulate composite forming processes. The mechanical behaviour of composite materials during forming is relatively complex due to their fibre-matrix composition. Many research studies have been conducted in the past 25-plus years into experimental methods for the characterization of the mechanical behaviours that are exhibited by textile-reinforced composite material systems during forming and into the development of material models to be used in computer codes for forming simulations. These studies have been presented and discussed in the ESA-FORM conferences since 1997 and especially in the 'Composite Forming Processes' mini-symposium launched in 2001. This article presents a survey of the research carried out in this context. Mechanical characterization tests specific to composite forming are presented as well as recent analysis techniques such as digital image correlation and X-ray tomography. Threedimensional mechanical behaviour laws, in particular hypo-and hyperelastic, have been developed and extended to second gradient models. Specific shell approaches have been presented and their application to wrinkling analysis. Resin flow and permeability analysis is another area of research in composite forming processes which are discussed in this article. Research on certain processes is also presented, in particular thermoforming of thermoplastic composites, wet compression moulding, pultrusion, automated fibre placement and three-dimensional printing. This comprehensive review of the works of multiple research groups is a recognition of the breadth and depth of efforts that have been invested into the understanding of the manufacturability of textile-reinforced composite materials.

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“…This approach simplifies the friction behaviour, as both the fabric surface and the diaphragm surfaces are deformable, and the real friction coefficients may vary with applied normal force. A decrease in friction coefficient with increasing normal pressure was documented by Sachs et al [24] for a woven material on a rigid surface and by Avgoulas et al [25] for a NCF on a rigid surface. For fabric-diaphragm contact, geometrical features on the deformable surfaces may interlock, resulting in strongly increased friction coefficients as the pressure is increased.…”

Section: Friction Between Materialsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Optimisation of local in-plane constraining forces in double diaphragm forming

Chen

McGregor

Harper

et al. 2018

Composite Structures

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Rigid blocks (risers) were introduced in the double diaphragm forming (DDF) process to change the local in-plane strain distribution in the diaphragms, aimed at reducing wrinkling defects in the production of fabric preforms. A two-step optimisation method was developed to determine the position and dimension of each riser. In Step I, optimisation of the riser position was conducted using a simplified finite element (FE) model coupled with a genetic algorithm (GA). The height of each riser was optimised in Step II using a detailed FE model with the optimised riser positions from Step I. For demonstration, a hemisphere preform was manufactured by DDF using the optimum riser arrangement established by the optimisation routine. Results indicate that the optimum riser pattern (shape and position relative to the component boundary) can dramatically improve the preform quality through reduction of out-of-plane wrinkles, validating the feasibility of the two-step routine.

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Frictional behaviour of non-crimp fabrics (NCFs) in contact with a forming tool

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of normal load on the frictional and wear behaviour of carbon fiber in tow-on-tool contact during three-dimensional weaving process

Effect of normal load on the frictional and wear behaviour of carbon fiber in tow-on-tool contact during three-dimensional weaving process

Advances in composite forming through 25 years of ESAFORM

Optimisation of local in-plane constraining forces in double diaphragm forming

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