Frictional Properties of Skin

Highley, Derek R.; Coomey, Mary.; DenBeste, Marion.; Wolfram, L. J.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12507530

Cited by 128 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The increase in friction observed upon wetting the skin was explained on the basis of two distinct phenomena -one related to the surface tension of the liquid, and the other, associated with hydration, is a consequence of an increase in adhesiveness of the stratum corneum probably by solubilization of the wa ter-soluble protein components of the surface cells [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Surface Lipid and Skin Friction: Relation to Age, Sex and Anatomical Region

Anastasia

Wilhelm

Maibach

1995

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Differences in the skin surface lipid content (SSL) and the dynamic friction coefficient (µ) were investigated with respect to age, sex, and anatomical region in 29 volunteers. The group consisted of (a) 7 young adult females (24.9 ± 1.1 years old, mean ± SD), (b) 7 old females (75.3 ± 2.4 years old), (c) 7 young adult males (28.7 ± 0.5 years old), and (d) 8 old males (73.8 ± 1.9 years old). Measurements were obtained on 11 anatomical regions, namely, the forehead, upper arm, volar and dorsal forearm, postauricular, palm, abdomen, upper and lower back, thigh, and ankle. Skin surface lipid content data were compared with µ measurements to determine the relative contribution of the former to frictional properties of skin, µ and SSL were not statistically different between age groups on all regions except for the ankle, where lipid content was lower in the elderly. Similarly, µ did not vary between sex groups. Skin surface lipid content was statistically lower on the forehead, dorsal forearm and postauricular area in females. Both parameters, however, showed considerable regional variability. A significant linear correlation was established between µ and SSL combining all regions from all volunteers. When µ was plotted against SSL among individual anatomic sites, only the forehead and postauricular area showed significant linear correlations between the two parameters. These data suggest that surface lipid content plays a limited role in frictional properties of skin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Surface Lipid and Skin Friction: Relation to Age, Sex and Anatomical Region

Anastasia

Wilhelm

Maibach

1995

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…In general, factors between 1.5 and 7 have been reported in the literature for skin COFs before and after immersion into water or treatment with moisturizing formulations (Comaish & Bottoms 1971;Highley et al 1977;Wolfram 1983;Johnson et al 1993;Kenins 1994;Adams et al 2007). This large spread probably derives from the diversity of test methods, materials and experimental parameters used.…”

Section: Friction Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of epidermal hydration on the friction of human skin against textiles

Gerhardt

Strässle

Lenz

et al. 2008

J. R. Soc. Interface.

281

244

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Friction and shear forces, as well as moisture between the human skin and textiles are critical factors in the formation of skin injuries such as blisters, abrasions and decubitus. This study investigated how epidermal hydration affects the friction between skin and textiles.The friction between the inner forearm and a hospital fabric was measured in the natural skin condition and in different hydration states using a force plate. Eleven males and eleven females rubbed their forearm against the textile on the force plate using defined normal loads and friction movements. Skin hydration and viscoelasticity were assessed by corneometry and the suction chamber method, respectively.In each individual, a highly positive linear correlation was found between skin moisture and friction coefficient (COF). No correlation was observed between moisture and elasticity, as well as between elasticity and friction. Skin viscoelasticity was comparable for women and men. The friction of female skin showed significantly higher moisture sensitivity. COFs increased typically by 43% (women) and 26% (men) when skin hydration varied between very dry and normally moist skin. The COFs between skin and completely wet fabric were more than twofold higher than the values for natural skin rubbed on a dry textile surface.Increasing skin hydration seems to cause gender-specific changes in the mechanical properties and/or surface topography of human skin, leading to skin softening and increased real contact area and adhesion.

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“…[5] It has been shown that the tribological properties of cosmetic products affect the latters' performance [6,7] and skin feel. [5,8,9] To date, friction tests on lubricated skin have focussed on the effects of skin hydration [9][10][11][12][13] , commercial skin creams [5,6,9] , and cosmetic ingredients such as petrolatum and glycerol. [6,9] It has also been shown that, in dry contacts, talcum powder reduces friction in compliant contacts, [14] and on skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate lubricants in cosmetic applications

Timm

Myant

Spikes

et al. 2011

Tribology International

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Polymer powders are commonly added to cosmetic formulations to improve product performance and skin feel. This study investigates the effect of particle concentration and size on the lubricating properties of powder suspensions. Results are reported for various particle sizes and concentrations.When the tribological contact was fully immersed the addition of particles had no effect.However different behaviour was observed when the contact was only partially-lubricated. In this case, a three stage friction coefficient curve was observed. By varying the particle size and concentration it was shown that the duration and magnitude of each stage can be controlled.

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Frictional Properties of Skin

Cited by 128 publications

References 2 publications

Skin Surface Lipid and Skin Friction: Relation to Age, Sex and Anatomical Region

Skin Surface Lipid and Skin Friction: Relation to Age, Sex and Anatomical Region

Influence of epidermal hydration on the friction of human skin against textiles

Particulate lubricants in cosmetic applications

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