Friedel–Crafts acylation of aromatics and heteroaromatics by beta zeolite

Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Anisole with Carboxylic Anhydrides of Large Molecular Sizes on Mesoporous Silica Catalyst

“…This is in contrast with those using the other catalysts [5,7,12,14,18,19,[44][45][46]. The yields of ketones on the previous ones were almost constant or were gradually decreased with increasing carbon numbers of anhydrides.…”

“…Various zeolites [2][3][4][5][6][7], clays [8,9], heteropoly acids [10][11][12][13][14], modified zirconia [15][16][17][18] and the others [19,20] were already applied as solid acid catalysts for the FCA reaction. Among them beta zeolite is one of the best solid catalysts.…”

“…Among them beta zeolite is one of the best solid catalysts. For example, the reactions of propionic and butyric anhydrides with anisole on beta zeolite were reported to give the yields of 97 and 98% respectively [7]. The yield in the reaction of hexanoic anhydride, however, was limited to approximately 75% probably due to the narrow pores of zeolite.…”

Friedel Crafts Acylation of Anisole With Modified Zeolites

“…But beyond certain amount, the additional active sites do not increase the adsorption of reactants at a given concentration. Other factors that could be attributed for this trend could be catalyst deactivation by coking or reversible adsorption of products on the active acid sites [18,19]. This fact could be supported by the deactivation studies carried out by D.Rohan, C. Canaff [20].…”

Determination of different acid sites in Beta zeolite for anisole acylation with acetic anhydride

“…Moreover, more stoichiometric quantity of catalyst is required, as the metal halide itself has a tendency of complexation with the ketone product [1,3,5]. In order to overcome these drawbacks, considerable efforts have been made to explore heterogeneous solid acid catalysts, including solid superacid, heteropolyacid, and zeolite [8][9][10]. Among them, zeolite exhibits unique advantages, due to its virtue in shape selectivity, easy separation, good regenerability, and environmentally benign [11].…”