Friedewald’s equation for calculating LDL-cholesterol: Is it the time to say “Goodbye” and adopt direct LDL cholesterol methods?

Khan, Sikandar Hayat; Niazi, Najmusaqib Khan; Sobia, Farah; Fazal, Nadeem; Manzoor, Sobia; Nadeem, Ahmed Jamal

doi:10.12669/pjms.35.2.679

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…Jika terjadi peningkatan kolesterol total maka kadar trigliserida dan LDL juga akan meningkat. dan kemungkinan kadar HDL akan turun (Kaur, 2014;Khan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterolunclassified

Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterol Kombinasi Ekstrak Teh Oolong, Buncis Dan Kayu Manis

et al. 2022

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Hyperlipidemia has an important role in the occurrence of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. High cholesterol and LDL levels in the blood are at risk of causing various diseases such as atherosclerosis, pancreatic dysfunction and kidney disorders. Meanwhile, high triglyceride levels can cause impaired liver, pancreas and kidney function. Green bean, oolong tea and cinnamon are plants that can lower cholesterol levels. Oolong tea contains catechins, Green Bean contain phytosterols and cinnamon contains cinnamaldehyde. Determination of secondary metabolite levels of extracts was carried out using the Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) method. The activity test was carried out with 30 Wistar white rats which were divided into 6 test groups. The normal control group was treated with CMC-Na without feeding hypercholesterolemia, the positive control group was treated with simvastatin 0.4 mg/KgBW, the negative control group was treated with CMC-Na, the test groups 1, 2 and 3 were treated with cinnamon extract, oolong tea and green bean, respectively (150:50:50 mg/KgBW), (50:150:50 mg/KgBW) and (50:50:150 mg/KgBW). The detected metabolite content was cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon up to 10%, catechins in oolong tea up to 12% and stigmasterol in beans as much as 3.4%.The results obtained by test group 1 and test group 2 can reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p0.05). All test groups had no significant effect on HDL and LDL levels.

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“…Jika terjadi peningkatan kolesterol total maka kadar trigliserida dan LDL juga akan meningkat. dan kemungkinan kadar HDL akan turun (Kaur, 2014;Khan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterolunclassified

Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterol Kombinasi Ekstrak Teh Oolong, Buncis Dan Kayu Manis

et al. 2022

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Evaluation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol equations by cross-platform assessment of accuracy-based EQA data against SI-traceable reference value

Tan

Yong

Liu

et al. 2023

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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Objectives Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) is the primary cholesterol target for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although beta-quantitation (BQ) is the gold standard to determine LDLC levels accurately, many clinical laboratories apply the Friedewald equation to calculate LDLC. As LDLC is an important risk factor for CVD, we evaluated the accuracy of Friedewald and alternative equations (Martin/Hopkins and Sampson) for LDLC. Methods We calculated LDLC based on three equations (Friedewald, Martin/Hopkins and Sampson) using the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) in commutable serum samples measured by clinical laboratories participating in the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) external quality assessment (EQA) programme over a 5 years period (number of datasets, n=345). LDLC calculated from the equations were comparatively evaluated against the reference values, determined from BQ-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) with traceability to the International System of Units (SI). Results Among the three equations, Martin/Hopkins equation derived LDLC had the best linearity against direct measured (y=1.141x − 14.403; R2=0.8626) and traceable LDLC (y=1.1692x − 22.137; R2=0.9638). Martin/Hopkins equation (R2=0.9638) had the strongest R2 in association with traceable LDLC compared with the Friedewald (R2=0.9262) and Sampson (R2=0.9447) equation. The discordance with traceable LDLC was the lowest in Martin/Hopkins (median=−0.725%, IQR=6.914%) as compared to Friedewald (median=−4.094%, IQR=10.305%) and Sampson equation (median=−1.389%, IQR=9.972%). Martin/Hopkins was found to result in the lowest number of misclassifications, whereas Friedewald had the most numbers of misclassification. Samples with high TG, low HDLC and high LDLC had no misclassification by Martin/Hopkins equation, but Friedewald equation resulted in ∼50% misclassification in these samples. Conclusions The Martin/Hopkins equation was found to achieve better agreement with the LDLC reference values as compared to Friedewald and Sampson equations, especially in samples with high TG and low HDLC. Martin/Hopkins derived LDLC also enabled a more accurate classification of LDLC levels.

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Concordance of Friedewald Formula results with direct LDL examination in non-diabetic young subjects

SANUSI,

STEPHANI,

AMAN

et al. 2024

Gazz Med Ital - Arch Sci Med

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Friedewald’s equation for calculating LDL-cholesterol: Is it the time to say “Goodbye” and adopt direct LDL cholesterol methods?

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterol Kombinasi Ekstrak Teh Oolong, Buncis Dan Kayu Manis

Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterol Kombinasi Ekstrak Teh Oolong, Buncis Dan Kayu Manis

Evaluation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol equations by cross-platform assessment of accuracy-based EQA data against SI-traceable reference value

Concordance of Friedewald Formula results with direct LDL examination in non-diabetic young subjects

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