The present study was carried out to evaluate the in alloxan (150 mg/kgb.wt) induced diabetic rats. The ethanolic extract of Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruit peels administered orally to the diabetic rats for 11 days, produced significant decrease in the level of blood glucose. The highest percentage reduction in blood glucose levels were shown of rambutan fruit peels extract with dose 500 mg/kgb.w and the value of persentage reduction were 61.76±4.26%.

This research study aimed to explore the antidiabetic and antihypercholesterolemia activities of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) and durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) fruit peels extracts. Diabetic rats induced by alloxan intra-peritoneal at dose 150 mg/kg.bw. Rats divided into eight groups, negative control received 0.5% CMC-Na, Glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg.bw (positive control), groups of III, IV, and V were given ethanolic extracts of durian rind with successive doses of 500, 250, 125 mg/kg.bw, while groups of VI, VII and VIII were given of rambutan peels extracts for 11 days. Whereas, antihypercholesterolemia activity, high cholesterol gained by high-fat fed diet for 28 days and treated with the extracts for 14 days. The highest percentage reduction in blood glucose and cholesterol levels were shown of rambutan fruit peels extract with dose 500 mg/kg.bw and the value of percentage reduction were 61.76±4.26% and 60.75±8.26%, respectively which the activity were higher than positive control. While the durian rind extract with dose 500 mg/kg.bw had showed the reduction glucose levels at 50.19±3.66% and 35.82 ± 5.00% for reduction cholesterol levels. Nephelium lappaceum and Durio zibethinus peels extracts had the antidiabetic and antihypercholesterolemia activities at doses of 125 to 500 mg/kg.bw.

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Background: Recently, interest in the use of herbal medicine that can modulate the immune system is increasing in the pandemic situation. One plant that can be developed as an immunomodulator is bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban). Objectives: To evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of a methanolic extract of bengkoang (MEB) and the ethyl acetate fraction of bengkoang (EAFB) in mice induced by the hepatitis B vaccine. Materilas and Methods: Thirty healthy male mice were divided into six groups namely, control, standard levamisole, MEB (100 and 200 mg/kg BW), and EAFB at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (BW). The treatments were given for 18 days, and hepatitis B vaccine was injected intraperitoneally twice during the treatment. Assessment of the immunomodulatory effect was carried out against nonspecific and specific immune response parameters. Results: The MEB and EAFB could significantly increase phagocytic capacity, the spleen index, and lymphocyte proliferation. MEB stimulated IgG production, while EAFB, 100 mg/kg BW suppressed immunoglobulin G (IgG) production; otherwise, at the higher dose, EAFB increased IgG production. EAFB also increases nitric oxide production, while MEB had no effect. The higher dose of MEB tended to increase tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and decrease interleukin (IL)-10, while EAFB tended to decrease TNF-α and increase IL-10, but these changes were not significant. Conclusion: Based on this study, MEB and EAFB could increase the innate immune response and stimulate the humoral immune response but had no effect on cytokine production, which may have potential usefulness of bengkoang to treat immunomodulatory-related disease.

In� ammation is the bodys reaction to foreign substances that enter the body with signs of redness, heat, swelling, pain, and impaired organ functions. Curcuma rhizome including medicinal plants that have properties relieve the pain and in� ammation of the skin. The purpose of this research was to examine the anti-in� ammation effect of Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe Rhizome infusion on carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. This research used experimental method with completely randomized design. Twenty � ve healthy Wistar male rats, 2-3 months old and 150-250 g divided into � ve groups and each group consist of 5 rats. Rats in group I that served as negative control were given 2.5 mL/200gbw of aquadest. Rats in group II as positive control were given sodium diclofenac with dose of 6.75 mg/kgbw. Group III, IV, and V were given Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe Rhizome infusion with dose of 0.625, 1.250 and 2.500 g/kgbw, respectively. Treatments were given per oral 1 hour before injection of 0.1 ml carrageenan 1% subplantar. Rat paw edema volume was measured before and after carrageenan injection. The measurement was done every 0.5 hour for 6 hours observation. Area Under the Curve (AUC) that is calculated from paw edema volume data, was use to calculate percentage of anti-in� ammatory effect. Data were analyzed with one way Anova and Least Signi� cant Difference with con� dence level 95%. Infusion of Curcuma zedoaria Rhizome with doses of 0,625, 1,250, and 2,500 g/kgbw had anti-in� ammatory effect in Wistar male rats which were induced by Carrageenan 1%. Percentage of anti-in� ammation effect (44,16+5,11)%, (48,70+7,05)%, (59,09+9,61)% respectively and the effects were equivalent with positive control.