From a Mechanical Lagrangian to the Schrödinger Equation: A Modified Version of the Quantum Newton Law

Abstract

In the one-dimensional stationary case, we construct a mechanical Lagrangian describing the quantum motion of a non-relativistic spinless system. This Lagrangian is written as a difference between a function T , which represents the quantum generalization of the kinetic energy and which depends on the coordinate x and the temporal derivatives of x up the third order, and the classical potential V (x). The Hamiltonian is then constructed and the corresponding canonical equations are deduced. The function T is first assumed arbitrary. The development of T in a power series together with the dimensional analysis allow us to fix univocally the series coefficients by requiring that the well-known quantum stationary Hamilton-Jacobi equation be reproduced. As a consequence of this approach, we formulate the law of the quantum motion representing a new version of the quantum Newton's law. We also analytically establish the famous Bohm's relation µẋ = ∂S0/∂x outside of the framework of the hydrodynamical approach and show that the well-known quantum potential, although it is a part of the kinetic term, it plays really a role of an additional potential as assumed by Bohm.

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