From Cloud RAN to Open RAN

Satellite Communications in the New Space Era: A Survey and Future Challenges

“…In this context, the vendor-neutral Open-RAN architecture [336] has emerged in the terrestrial community as a solution to allow smaller vendors to introduce their own services and allow operators to customize the network as needed. With the low-cost small satellites rapidly gaining popularity and with the advent of small satellite companies entering the telecom industry, the standardized and open interfaces of Open-RAN emerge as the perfect solution for a competitive ecosystem.…”

Dynamic traffic forecasting and fuzzy-based optimized admission control in federated 5G-open RAN networks

“…More than 160 well-known contributors from large and small companies, vendors, academic institutions, and network operators are participating in the standardization of this technology (e.g., Nokia, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Intel, Vodafone [12]). This multi-vendor, interoperable technology eliminates dependencies and opens the protocols and interfaces between various components to incorporate intelligence into RAN to support different deployment scenarios [13,22,23]. This paper continues the trend by introducing a federation layer within an O-RAN architecture to enable dynamic traffic forecasting, efficient admission control, and service monitoring.…”

“…For short-term forecasting, a few other network models using the Monte Carlo approach can be found in [29][30][31]. Narmanlioglu [12], Open RAN technical report [22,24,25] Gavrilovska et al [13] and Niknam et al [23] The open radio access network is a multi-vendor, interoperable product. This intelligently opens the protocols and interfaces between various RAN components to integrate various operators' networks and supports different deployment scenarios with lower cost and time to market Demand forecasting Sciancalepore et al [26,27], and Raikwar et al [28] The authors implemented Holt-Winters theory for longand short-term traffic forecasting to ensure efficient admission control and resource management in cellular networks Tseliou et al [1], Dudek et al [29,30], and Hippert et al [31] Monte Carlo-based prediction frameworks are proposed by the authors for on-demand resource allocation in cellular and neural networks Narmanlioglu et al [32], Miao et al [33], and Zhang et al [34] Bayesian techniques are adopted by the authors to predict the number of active users and their distribution within the cellular network for localization and resource allocation over handover Fuzzy-logic-based network selection and resources allocation Inaba et al [35], Bouali et al [18], Goudarzi et al [36], and Kaloxylos et al [37] The authors implemented the fuzzy-logic approach in their proposed hybrid model for an efficient access network selection among heterogeneous networks Khan et al [38], Zeng et al [39], silva et al [40], and Shrimali et al [41] The authors adopted fuzzy-logic and multi-criterion optimization schemes, or algorithms such as a genetic algorithm, to propose their framework for resource allocation in 5G cellular and vehicular networks [34] to predict the spatiotemporal information of traffic distribution in a cellular network.…”

“…Opening protocols and interfaces among various building blocks of the access network reduce the operator's and vendor's dependency on conventional network deployment and operations. Therefore, the coexistence of various heterogeneous technologies in O-RAN will facilitate an automated vendor network that reduces operational cost and enhances network performance [13].…”

“…Such coexistence is becoming the dominant feature of the current and next generation of cellular networking. In this regard, the novel concept of the open radio access network (O-RAN) could be considered a complementary option to the new 5G RATs [12,13].…”