From containment to community: Trigger points from the London pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza incident response

Balasegaram, Sooria; Glasswell, Amy; Cleary, Vivien; Turbitt, Deborah; McCloskey, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2010.11.006

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[1][2][3] In London, information on detailed epidemiology was collected on cases from the initial case on 27 April to the onset of widespread community transmission (week of June 29). 4,5 Modelling of early transmission patterns from the UK suggests school-based transmission accounting for 37% of cases, based on 60% of cases with epidemiologically determined likely source of infection. 3,6 In using data from a single city, the pattern of early transmission of influenza leading up to established community spread can be described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of early transmission of pandemic influenza in London – link with deprivation

Balasegaram¹,

Ogilvie²,

Glasswell³

et al. 2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Balasegaram et al. (2012) Patterns of early transmission of pandemic influenza in London – link with deprivation. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), e35–e41. Background During the early containment phase in England from April to June 2009, the national strategy for H1N1 pandemic influenza involved case investigation and treatment, and tracing and prophylaxis of contacts. Objective To describe the relationship between early transmission of H1N1 pandemic influenza in London and age and socio‐economic status. Methods Epidemiological data on cases of pandemic flu in London reported to the London Flu Response Centre were analysed to determine patterns of transmission. Results There were 3487 reported cases (2202 confirmed, 1272 presumed and 14 probable) from 20 April to 28 June 2009, during the ‘containment’ period. The highest report rate of 206 per 100 000 (95% CI 195–218) was seen in primary school–age children (5−11 years) followed by 129 (95% CI 119–139) in secondary school–age children (12–18 years). Reports of cases were initially concentrated in affluent areas but overall showed a clear trend with deprivation and risk ratio of 2·32 (95% CI 1·94–2·78) between the most deprived and the least deprived. Conclusion Early transmissions were highest amongst school‐aged children but linked with socio‐economic deprivation across all age groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of early transmission of pandemic influenza in London – link with deprivation

Balasegaram¹,

Ogilvie²,

Glasswell³

et al. 2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…The waiting for full pay policy in the workplace reduced the overall risk of an H1N1 pandemic by about 20% in one flu season in Japan [ 37 ]. Prevention policy of many countries shifted from containment to mitigation after sustained community transmission became established, such as in Singapore [ 38 ], South Korea [ 39 ] and the United Kingdom [ 40 ]. A systematic review suggests the reduction of nonessential contacts and the closure of schools, plus the use of pharmaceutical prophylaxis, are amongst the cost effective strategies for all countries; however, quarantine for household contacts is not cost effective even for low and middle income countries [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Was Mandatory Quarantine Necessary in China for Controlling the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic?

Geng²,

Tian

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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The Chinese government enforced mandatory quarantine for 60 days (from 10 May to 8 July 2009) as a preventative strategy to control the spread of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Such a prevention strategy was stricter than other non-pharmaceutical interventions that were carried out in many other countries. We evaluated the effectiveness of the mandatory quarantine and provide suggestions for interventions against possible future influenza pandemics. We selected one city, Beijing, as the analysis target. We reviewed the epidemiologic dynamics of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and the implementation of quarantine measures in Beijing. The infectious population was simulated under two scenarios (quarantined and not quarantined) using a deterministic Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model. The basic reproduction number R0 was adjusted to match the epidemic wave in Beijing. We found that mandatory quarantine served to postpone the spread of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Beijing by one and a half months. If mandatory quarantine was not enforced in Beijing, the infectious population could have reached 1,553 by 21 October, i.e., 5.6 times higher than the observed number. When the cost of quarantine is taken into account, mandatory quarantine was not an economically effective intervention approach against the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. We suggest adopting mitigation methods for an influenza pandemic with low mortality and morbidity.

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Detection of varying influenza circulation within England in 2012/13: informing antiviral prescription and public health response

Green

Zhao

Boddington

et al. 2014

Journal of Public Health

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Evidence of virological activity in two or more regions above a threshold indicated the onset of the 2012/13 season. Subnational thresholds should be determined and evaluated in order to improve timeliness of the national antiviral alert. During the season, outputs should be reported at levels that can inform local public health responses and variation considered when retrospectively evaluating the impact of interventions.

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From containment to community: Trigger points from the London pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza incident response

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Patterns of early transmission of pandemic influenza in London – link with deprivation

Patterns of early transmission of pandemic influenza in London – link with deprivation

Was Mandatory Quarantine Necessary in China for Controlling the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic?

Detection of varying influenza circulation within England in 2012/13: informing antiviral prescription and public health response

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