Was Mandatory Quarantine Necessary in China for Controlling the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic?

Li, Xinhai; Geng, Wenjun; Tian, Heng‐Ci; Lai, Dejian

doi:10.3390/ijerph10104690

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Of the included studies, 17 were cost-effectiveness analyses [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Cost-utility analyses were performed in 13 studies [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], and four studies performed cost-benefit analyses [56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one study included future non-related healthcare costs [51]. With respect to costs outside the healthcare sector, 24 studies included productivity losses due to short-term absenteeism, transportation (two studies) [39,45], administration (one study) [41], treatment (one study) [39], presenteeism (one study) [49],and energy savings (one study) [45].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Costs and benefits of interventions aimed at major infectious disease threats: lessons from the literature

2020

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Pandemics and major outbreaks have the potential to cause large health losses and major economic costs. To prioritize between preventive and responsive interventions, it is important to understand the costs and health losses interventions may prevent. We review the literature, investigating the type of studies performed, the costs and benefits included, and the methods employed against perceived major outbreak threats. We searched PubMed and SCOPUS for studies concerning the outbreaks of SARS in 2003, H5N1 in 2003, H1N1 in 2009, Cholera in Haiti in 2010, MERS-CoV in 2013, H7N9 in 2013, and Ebola in West-Africa in 2014. We screened titles and abstracts of papers, and subsequently examined remaining full-text papers. Data were extracted according to a pre-constructed protocol. We included 34 studies of which the majority evaluated interventions related to the H1N1 outbreak in a high-income setting. Most interventions concerned pharmaceuticals. Included costs and benefits, as well as the methods applied, varied substantially between studies. Most studies used a short time horizon and did not include future costs and benefits. We found substantial variation in the included elements and methods used. Policymakers need to be aware of this and the bias toward high-income countries and pharmaceutical interventions, which hampers generalizability. More standardization of included elements, methodology, and reporting would improve economic evaluations and their usefulness for policy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and benefits of interventions aimed at major infectious disease threats: lessons from the literature

2020

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“…We reviewed 1 intervention study (18), 5 observational studies (6,(19)(20)(21)(22), and 10 simulation studies (Appendix Tables 9, 10). Miyaki et al (18) conducted an intervention study in Japan during 2009-2010 involving 2 companies.…”

Section: Quarantine Of Exposed Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the observational studies, Li et al (20) estimated that the mandatory quarantine policy in Beijing during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic reduced the number of cases at the peak of the epidemic by a factor of 5 compared with a projected scenario without the intervention, and also delayed the epidemic peak, albeit at high economic and social costs (20). Similar to the intervention study in Japan, van Gemert et al (21) reported an increased risk for infection among household contacts who were concurrently quarantined with an isolated person and estimated that the risk for infection increased with a longer duration of quarantine.…”

Section: Quarantine Of Exposed Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonpharmaceutical Measures for Pandemic Influenza in Nonhealthcare Settings—Social Distancing Measures

Fong¹,

Gao²,

Wong³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

568

518

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E xperiences from previous influenza pandemics, in particular the 2009-10 pandemic, have demonstrated that we cannot expect to contain geographically the next influenza pandemic in the location it emerges, nor can we expect to prevent international spread of infection for more than a short period. Vaccines are not expected to be available during the early stage of the next pandemic (1), and stockpiles of antiviral drugs will be limited, mostly reserved for treating more severe illnesses and for patients at higher risk for influenza complications. Therefore, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing (2), will be heavily relied on by health authorities to slow influenza transmission in the community, with 3 desired outcomes (Figure). The first outcome would be to delay the timing of the peak of infections to buy time for preparations in the healthcare system, the second to reduce the size of the epidemic peak so that the healthcare system is not overwhelmed, and the third to spread infections over a longer time period, enabling better management of those cases and the potential for vaccines to be used at least later in the epidemic to reduce impact. Influenza virus infections are believed to spread mainly through close contact in the community (e.g., homes, workplaces, preschool and day care centers, schools, public places), and more frequent and intense contact among children has a particularly major role in transmission (5). Social distancing measures aim to reduce the frequency of contact and increase physical distance between persons, thereby reducing the risks of person-to-person transmission. These measures have played a role in mitigating previous pandemics, including the 1918-19 pandemic (6,7), and are a key part of current pandemic preparedness plans (3,4). Although a clear biological and epidemiologic rationale supports the potential effectiveness of social distancing measures, there are few opportunities for rigorous controlled trials of community interventions against influenza. Our objective was to review the evidence base for social distancing measures, focusing on the evidence supporting the effectiveness of these measures in reducing influenza transmission in the community. Methods and Results We conducted separate systematic reviews to gather available evidence on the effectiveness of 6 measures in reducing influenza transmission in the community: isolating ill persons; contact tracing; quarantining exposed persons; school dismissals or closures; workplace measures, including workplace closures; and

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“…We identified nine cost studies [11,14,15,17,[23][24][25][26][27], and four simulation studies relating to contact tracing and contact quarantine in outbreak scenarios [22,[36][37][38]. Tables 3 and 4 summarise the cost information from these studies (the original extracted data in original currencies and units can be found in the supplementary spreadsheet).…”

Section: Tracing and Quarantine Of Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Costs Relating to Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Against Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Skarp

Downey

Ohrnberger

et al. 2021

Appl Health Econ Health Policy

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Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are the cornerstone of infectious disease outbreak response in the absence of effective pharmaceutical interventions. Outbreak strategies often involve combinations of NPIs that may change according to disease prevalence and population response. Little is known with regard to how costly each NPI is to implement. This information is essential to inform policy decisions for outbreak response. Objective To address this gap in existing literature, we conducted a systematic review on outbreak costings and simulation studies related to a number of NPI strategies, including isolating infected individuals, contact tracing and quarantine, and school closures. Methods Our search covered the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, studies published between 1990 and 24 March 2020 were included. We included studies containing cost data for our NPIs of interest in pandemic, epidemic, and outbreak response scenarios. Results We identified 61 relevant studies. There was substantial heterogeneity in the cost components recorded for NPIs in outbreak costing studies. The direct costs of NPIs for which costing studies existed also ranged widely: isolating infected

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Was Mandatory Quarantine Necessary in China for Controlling the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic?

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Costs and benefits of interventions aimed at major infectious disease threats: lessons from the literature

Costs and benefits of interventions aimed at major infectious disease threats: lessons from the literature

Nonpharmaceutical Measures for Pandemic Influenza in Nonhealthcare Settings—Social Distancing Measures

A Systematic Review of the Costs Relating to Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Against Infectious Disease Outbreaks

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