From development of multi-material skins to morphing flight hardware production

Falken, Alexander; Steeger, Stefan; Heintze, Olaf; Breuker, Roeland De

doi:10.2514/6.2016-0318

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Falken et al manufactured Elastomeric Prepreg (ePreg), which had a high ductility of elastomeric matrix with ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and high tensile strength with carbon fiber. They performed tensile, single lag shear, 3-point bending, fiber-bundle pull-out, and wrinkling/shear frame tests to establish newly designed material database, the detailed descriptions and results of which can be found in their works (Falken et al, 2016). Another design approach is to utilize auxetic materials, which exhibit a counter-intuitive behavior with uncommon material properties.…”

Section: Element Technology 2: Morphing Skinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent researches on morphing aircraft technologies in Japan and other countries

Tsushima

Tamayama

2019

Mechanical Engineering Reviews

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Morphing aircraft technology has recently gained attention of many research groups by its potential for aircraft performance improvement and economic flight. Although the performance of conventional control surfaces is usually compromised in off-design flight conditions, the morphing technique may achieve optimal flight performance in various operations by to adaptively altering the wing shape during flight. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on morphing aircraft/wing technology, including morphing mechanisms or structures, skins, and actuation techniques as element technologies. Moreover, experimental and numerical studies on morphing technologies applying those elemental technologies are also introduced. Recent research on these technologies are particularly focused on in this paper with comparisons between developments in Japan and other countries. Although a number of experimental and numerical studies have been conducted by various research groups, there are still various challenges to overcome in individual elemental technologies for a whole morphing aircraft or wing systems. This review helps for researchers working in the field related to morphing aircraft technology to sort out current developments for morphing aircraft.

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Section: Element Technology 2: Morphing Skinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent researches on morphing aircraft technologies in Japan and other countries

Tsushima

Tamayama

2019

Mechanical Engineering Reviews

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“…Interestingly, no significant changes to the deformed shape of the morphing trailing edge are induced by the lower skin (see Figure 17). The pretensioned silicone skin also leads to a slight retracting deflection of the morphing trailing edge and indicates that for a more realistic structural design with stiffer and thicker silicone materials or elastomeric matrix composites (Falken et al, 2016) these effects should be addressed and also could be exploited to tailor the structural stiffness and the neutral position of the axis.…”

Section: Effects Of the Pretensioned Lower Silicone Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, a CFRP laminate and a silicone sheet have been used as the upper and lower skins respectively. Optimization studies on the CFRP upper skin could be carried out to further extend the material property range and structural design space while a few options are available for the flexible lower skin including elastomer silicones and elastomeric matrix composites (Falken et al, 2016) . In the proposed morphing trailing edge design, the chosen silicone is flexible and durable and has a low Young's modulus of 1.4 M P a and was pretensioned before being applied to the structure to mitigate the deleterious effect of wrinkles on aerodynamic performance during trailing edge deflection towards the pressure side of the aerofoil.…”

Section: Effects Of the Pretensioned Lower Silicone Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and mechanical testing of a variable stiffness morphing trailing edge flap

Azarpeyvand²

2017

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Morphing structures that are both light-weight and conformal to the aerofoil are currently being considered as promising candidates for the next generation of aircraft high-lift systems. Utilizing spatially variable stiffness materials in morphing structures leads to a possible reduction in the actuation energy requirement and also enables geometric control over the deformed shape of the morphing structure, resulting in enhanced aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance. In this study, a design optimization methodology has been developed to identify the required material stiffness variations of a morphing structure for target optimal deformed shapes. In the optimization scheme, a layer-wise sandwich beam model is used to predict the structural behaviour of the flap with a specific material stiffness variation. Two-dimensional fluid/structure static aeroelastic interaction analysis is performed in the design optimization. Finite element analysis and mechanical tests were also carried out for a chosen optimization result to study the actuation requirements and the capability of control over the deformed shape of the morphing trailing edge. Numerical and experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed optimization methodology for identifying the required stiffness variation in the core and also ways of using rapid prototyped honeycomb core to realize the honeycomb core stiffness variations are discussed.

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“…Falken et al [28] designed a novel flexible morphing skin material, the "ePreg", an elastomeric prepreg combining the high tensile strength of the carbon fibre and the high ductility of the elastomer matrix materials. Thorough studies have been carried out to assess the mechanical properties and processability and results showed that the proposed "ePreg" suits application in morphing structures.…”

Section: A Zero Torsional Stiffness Morphing Trailing Edge a Finmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flexible matrix composites are one of the promising candidates studied [27,28] that suit the developed SMTE design. Falken et al [28] designed a novel flexible morphing skin material, the "ePreg", an elastomeric prepreg combining the high tensile strength of the carbon fibre and the high ductility of the elastomer matrix materials.…”

Section: A Zero Torsional Stiffness Morphing Trailing Edge a Finmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel span-wise morphing trailing edge concept

2017

25th AIAA/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference

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A spanwise morphing trailing edge design utilizing structural multistability with minimised actuation requirements is introduced in this paper. The proposed morphing device consists of composite laminate spars and ribs assembled in a grid pattern. The composite laminate spar strips are manufactured in a stress free state with a predefined curvature and are prestressed by flattening before assembly. In this way, initial strain energy is stored in structural components that can later be released during structural deformations. With an analytical model, design parameters including laminate layups of spars and the initial curvature in spar strips are investigated. Results show that by selectively changing the structural design, the stable equilibria configuration of the morphing device can be set over a wide range of twist angles. Particularly, a zero torsional stiffness spanwise morphing trailing edge design has been observed. Finite element method results are provided to verify the analytical model and good correlation is found. The spanwise trailing edge deformed shape of the novel device features a desirable torsion behavior, providing structural conformality and a constant torsion angle variation along the span. Comparison with a flap transition design from the literature indicates that further optimization of the profile can lead to improved aerodynamic performance.

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From development of multi-material skins to morphing flight hardware production

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Recent researches on morphing aircraft technologies in Japan and other countries

Recent researches on morphing aircraft technologies in Japan and other countries

Design and mechanical testing of a variable stiffness morphing trailing edge flap

A novel span-wise morphing trailing edge concept

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