From dietary restraint to binge eating: Some theoretical considerations

Tuschl, Reinhard J.

doi:10.1016/0195-6663(90)90004-r

Cited by 152 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This basic premise is not particularly novel, 11 but it runs counter to the hypothesis that dietary restraint or caloric restriction directly cause binge eating. 12 This perspective is consistent with several other findings: (a) caloric restriction does not lead to binge eating, 13 (b) measures of dietary restraint are generally uncorrelated with measures of binge eating, 14 and (c) the interaction of intent to diet and overeating correlate with body mass index. 15 By incorporating the concept of a binge eating phenotype into etiological theories of eating disorders, classification research could be integrated with treatment and prevention research so that the validity of a classification system can be evaluated at many levels.…”

Section: Weight Gain and The Development Of Compensatory Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 88%

Does the evidence point to a binge eating phenotype?: Comment on Gordon et al. (2007) and Wonderlich et al. (2007)

Williamson

2007

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

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The article by Gordon et al. 1 presents a very understandable description of taxometric analyses. These writers are to be commended for taking this complex topic and making it comprehensible to those who are not experts in the field of taxometrics and classification research. Gordon et al. 1 conclude that the results of taxometric studies suggest the existence of three diagnostic groups, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, restricting type, and binge eating disorder. They recommend conceptualizing bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder as categorical classes, but conceptualize anorexia nervosa as a dimensional or continuous entity. Wonderlich et al. 2 take a step back from the esoteric specifics of classification research and note that conclusions about the validity of any classification scheme will necessarily involve a series of value laden decisions.Both articles 1,2 report on recent scientific findings related to the validity of classification schemes of eating disorders. Wonderlich et al. suggest a comprehensive research strategy for validating eating disorder classification models. Both articles 1,2 observe that eating disorders involving binge eating can be conceptualized as qualitatively distinct types or classes and they conclude that psychopathological and personality features other than frank eating disorder symptoms, e.g., concern with body size/shape, binge eating, purging, and restrictive eating, are important aspects of eating disorder diagnoses. Factor Analytic Studies of Eating Disorder SymptomsEight factor analytic studies of eating disorder symptoms 3 have yielded findings that are relevant to the conclusions of the Gordon and Wonderlich articles. All of the factor analytic studies that included measures of ''general psychopathology'' found a very strong and stable factor that reflected personality characteristics and ''neurotic'' symptoms, e.g., mood disturbances, anxiety, obsessive thinking. The factor analytic solutions indicated that this ''general psychopathology'' factor was separate and distinct from other factors that reflected symptoms generally regarded as specific to eating disorders, e.g., binge eating, restrictive eating, fear of fatness, and drive for thinness. These findings suggest that a diagnostic model that only specifies personality characteristics, e.g., the model of Figure 1d in the Wonderlich article, would be inadequate to capture a complete set of relevant features of the eating disorders. The results also suggest that classification models that ignore personality and general psychopathology features of eating disorders, e.g., the models of Figures 1a, 1b, and 1c, will also be inadequate. In my view, the personality features of eating disorders can be viewed as conditions that sometimes accompany the more specific behavioral and attitudinal features of eating disorders. A second consistent finding of the factor analytic studies was the presence of a strong and stable binge eating/bulimic behaviors factor. The fact that binge eating has also been identified as a late...

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Section: Weight Gain and The Development Of Compensatory Behaviorssupporting

confidence: 88%

Does the evidence point to a binge eating phenotype?: Comment on Gordon et al. (2007) and Wonderlich et al. (2007)

Williamson

2007

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

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“…Dietary restraint has been de®ned as the tendency to control food intake consciously in order to prevent weight gain or to promote weight loss'. 39 People with such eating habits were considered by some authors as`small eaters' because their reported energy intake was much lower than that of control subjects. It was suggested that`small eaters' had lower energy expenditure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants and nature of dietary underreporting in a free-living population: the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé (FLVS) study

et al. 1997

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OBJECTIVE: To study the determinants and nature of dietary underreporting in a free-living population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of nutritional and behavioural characteristics. SUBJECTS: 1030 weight-stable subjects, 501 women and 529 men older than 15 y, included in the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Sante Â study. MEASUREMENTS: Dietary intake was assessed using a 3 d dietary record. Self assessed body weight and height were also recorded. Behavioural and socio-economic data were obtained from a questionnaire. Underreporters were de®ned as people with a reported ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate lower than 1.05. RESULTS: Underreporting concerned 16% of the population and was signi®cantly more frequent in obese than in non obese subjects (P`0.001). Underreporting was signi®cantly associated with a high socio-professional class (P`0.05), having dieted at least once (P`0.01) and to be in dietary restraint (P`0.05). Furthermore, the contribution of protein to energy intake was signi®cantly higher in underreporters than in non underreporters, independently of weight status. CONCLUSIONS: These data underline that underreporting may bias the assessment of energy and macronutrient intake, particularly in studies on obesity and dietary restraint. Questions about weight concern, dieting and dietary restraint may be useful to identify subjects who underestimate their food intake.

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“…Thus, women who score high on the RRS may represent unsuccessful dieters, whereas those scoring high on the TFEQ and DEBQ combine both successful dieters and individuals who are likely to diet and periodically overeat. 12,13 It has since been suggested that scores on the TFEQ disinhibition (D) scale may allow discrimination between these two types of dieters. 14 For example, Westenhoefer et al 15 replicated the classic preload study reported by Herman and Mack, 16 with participants categorised according to both their TFEQ-R and TFEQ-D levels, producing four subgroups: high R/high D (HR-HD), high R/low D (HR-LD), low R/high D (LR-HD) and low R/low D (LR-LD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of manipulated palatability on appetite depend on restraint and disinhibition scores from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire

Yeomans

Tovey²,

Tinley

et al. 2003

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVES:The present study evaluated the effects of dietary restraint on short-term appetite in response to manipulated palatability. DESIGN: The effects of palatability on appetite during a lunchtime meal were assessed by contrasting intake of a bland and palatable version of a simple food (within subject). To test how responses to palatability varied with restraint, these meals consumed by women were classified according to restraint (R) and disinhibition (D) scores from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) as high R/high D (HR-HD), high R/low D (HR-LD), low R/high D (LR-HD) and low R/low D (LR-LD). SUBJECTS: A total of 40 normal-weight women subdivided into four groups based on TFEQ scores. MEASUREMENTS: The overall intake, appetite and hedonic ratings before, during and after the meal. RESULTS: All groups ate similar amounts of the bland food, but the LR-HD group ate significantly more of the palatable version than the other groups, whereas HR-LD did not increase intake in response to palatability. Hunger increased on tasting the palatable food in all but the HR-LD group, and this group ended both meals more hungry/less full than the others. CONCLUSION: Women classified as HR-LD were unresponsive to manipulated palatability, whereas those classified as LR-HD were over-responsive. These findings imply that some individuals are prone to over-respond to palatability and so are at greater risk of developing obesity, whereas others are able to resist the effects of palatability and so successfully self-restrict their food intake. Implications for obesity are discussed.

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From dietary restraint to binge eating: Some theoretical considerations

Cited by 152 publications

References 25 publications

Does the evidence point to a binge eating phenotype?: Comment on Gordon et al. (2007) and Wonderlich et al. (2007)

Does the evidence point to a binge eating phenotype?: Comment on Gordon et al. (2007) and Wonderlich et al. (2007)

Determinants and nature of dietary underreporting in a free-living population: the Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé (FLVS) study

Effects of manipulated palatability on appetite depend on restraint and disinhibition scores from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire

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