From Farm to Table to Brain: Foodborne Pathogen Infection and the Potential Role of the Neuro-immune-endocrine System in Neurotoxic Sequelae

Vitamin D2 from UVB light exposed mushrooms modulates immune response to LPS in rats

“…The rats were estimated to consume 20 (control D 3 ), 0 (vitD 3 ‐deficient), 2.4 (unexposed mushroom D 2 ), 300 (2.5% UVB‐exposed mushroom D 2 ), and 600 IU of vitD/day (5% UVB‐exposed mushroom D 2 ) from each of the experimental diets. The feeding period was 10 wk, at the end of which rat pairs were challenged individually with either intraperitoneal saline or Escherichia coli LPS (100 μg/Kg body weight) and necropsied after 3 h. Immediately after death, blood was drawn into K 3 EDTA vacutainer tubes, centrifuged for plasma separation, and stored in aliquots at −80°C until analyzed. Spleens were removed immediately and prepared for assessment of immune response as described in Sections 2.2–2.9.…”

Acute oral toxicity of colchicine in rats: effects of gender, vehicle matrix and pre‐exposure to lipopolysaccharide

“…It is increasingly clear that the neuro-immuno-endocrine system plays an important homeostatic regulatory role in maintaining the balance between health and disease. This includes the effects of foodborne pathogen infections (reviewed by Garthoff and Sobotka, 2001). Unfortunately, the potential toxicity associated with most known chemical hazards has been typically evaluated without consideration for the multiplicative interactions that arise when co-or pre-exposure occurs with chemicals and bacteria or their toxins.…”