From Language Planning to Language Management

An introduction: Language Management Theory in Language Policy and Planning

“…Today, however, it is by far not the only one using this term. Ozolins (2013) notes that since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been an observable shift away from the use of the term "language planning" and toward the use of the term "language management" and, citing Nekvapil (2006), he admits that this may signal a paradigm shift in LPP. Mwaniki (2011) sees essentially the same process as an emerging discourse of language management, differentiating between three traditions therein: (1) Israeli/American tradition, (2) European/Asia-Pacific tradition and (3) African tradition.…”

Corporate language: the blind spot of language policy? Reflections on France's Loi Toubon

“…Macro-management is carried out officially by socalled decision-makers, while micro-management is more informal and consists in the daily management of language by the speakers themselves (Nekvapil, 2006). Both should ideally be in a dialectical relationship: actors manage language on the basis of established standards, but the standards should in turn reflect actual practices and not impose unrealistic constraints on actors (Nekvapil & Nekula, 2006).…”

Multilingualism among university staff: a case study of language management at an Australian university

“…This approach can be traced back to Jernudd and Neustupný (1987) and subsequently further developed and applied by Neustupný (1994Neustupný ( , 2004, Neustupný and Nekvapil (2003), Nekvapil (2006) and others. In this paper, use of the concept of language management refers to this specific tradition rather than to the loose usage which has been employed by Spolsky (2004Spolsky ( , 2009 where he proposes that 'language practices', 'language beliefs' and 'language management' constitute language policy.…”