From Molecules to Morphologies, a Multiscale Modeling Approach to Unravel the Complex System of Coral Calcification

Deutekom, Eva S.; Konglerd, Pirom; Ramos-Silva, Paula; Kaandorp, Jaap A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_14

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Nor is it clear whether initiation of LN in the BBW might be driven by influences from the calicodermis-skeleton interface or the GVC. For example, various macromolecules involved in skeletal calcification or digestion are enzymatic, lytic, or possibly toxic (Ramos-Silva et al, 2013;Deutekom et al, 2016;Raz-Bahat et al, 2017). Development of animal models for diseases of cnidarians might help in understanding fundamental cellular processes, for example, models utilizing Exaiptasia pallida (Weis et al, 2008;Sunagawa et al, 2009b) or Hydra viridissima (Kovacevic, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease in Florida Is Associated With Disruption of Host–Zooxanthellae Physiology

et al. 2020

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Samples from eight species of corals (Colpophyllia natans, Dendrogyra cylindrus, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Meandrina meandrites, Montastraea cavernosa, Orbicella faveolata, Pseudodiploria strigosa, and Siderastrea siderea) that exhibited gross clinical signs of acute, subacute, or chronic tissue loss attributed to stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) were collected from the Florida Reef Tract during 2016–2018 and examined histopathologically. The hallmark microscopic lesion seen in all eight species was focal to multifocal lytic necrosis (LN) originating in the gastrodermis of the basal body wall (BBW) and extending to the calicodermis, with more advanced lesions involving the surface body wall. This was accompanied by other degenerative changes in host cells such as mucocyte hypertrophy, degradation and fragmentation of gastrodermal architecture, and disintegration of the mesoglea. Zooxanthellae manifested various changes including necrosis (cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia, pyknosis); peripheral nuclear chromatin condensation; cytoplasmic vacuolation accompanied by deformation, swelling, or atrophy; swollen accumulation bodies; prominent pyrenoids; and degraded chloroplasts. Polyhedral intracytoplasmic eosinophilic periodic acid–Schiff-positive crystalline inclusion bodies (∼1–10 μm in length) were seen only in M. cavernosa and P. strigosa BBW gastrodermis in or adjacent to active lesions and some unaffected areas (without surface lesions) of diseased colonies. Coccoidlike or coccobacilloidlike structures (Gram-neutral) reminiscent of microorganisms were occasionally associated with LN lesions or seen in apparently healthy tissue of diseased colonies along with various parasites and other bacteria all considered likely secondary colonizers. Of the 82 samples showing gross lesions of SCTLD, 71 (87%) were confirmed histologically to have LN. Collectively, pathology indicates that SCTLD is the result of a disruption of host–symbiont physiology with lesions originating in the BBW leading to detachment and sloughing of tissues from the skeleton. Future investigations could focus on identifying the cause and pathogenesis of this process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease in Florida Is Associated With Disruption of Host–Zooxanthellae Physiology

et al. 2020

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“…Understanding the fluid flow around the coral branches is important in understanding how the nutrient particles are distributed, which affects the coral growth and resulting geometry. Multiscale coral geometry is surveyed in Deutekom et al (2016). Calcification (the rate at which corals layer calcium carbonate on top of their skeleton to form their macro geometry) is discussed at different scales of simulations, including macromorphology, polyps, micromorphology, tissue physiology, networks, and molecular physiology.…”

Section: Marine Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the Geometric Growth of the Marine Sponge Crella incrustans

O'Hagan

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<p>Understanding how marine sponges grow is an important field of study for marine biologists, as it helps them predict how a marine sponge will grow under certain environmental conditions. Simulating the growth is one of the most powerful ways to help marine biologists understand sponge growth, as many scenarios can be simulated with different simulation parameters using few resources. This thesis describes a way to simulate and grow geometric models of the marine sponge Crella incrustans. The simulation improves upon state-of-the-art procedural modelling work by simulating fluid flow and nutrient dispersion in the ocean, simulating sponge growth, and changing the skeletal architecture of the sponge in the growth model. The change in skeletal architecture and other simulation parameters are then evaluated qualitatively against photos of a real-life Crella incrustans sponge and state-of-the-art work, and the performance of the simulation is qualitatively evaluated by comparing simulation times for different parameters. The results support the hypothesis that changing the skeletal architecture from radiate accretive to Halichondrid produces a sponge model which is closer in resemblance to the photos than the prior work's sponge model.</p>

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From Molecules to Morphologies, a Multiscale Modeling Approach to Unravel the Complex System of Coral Calcification

Cited by 2 publications

References 94 publications

Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease in Florida Is Associated With Disruption of Host–Zooxanthellae Physiology

Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease in Florida Is Associated With Disruption of Host–Zooxanthellae Physiology

Simulating the Geometric Growth of the Marine Sponge Crella incrustans

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