From Msimbazi River Valley to Mabwepande Settlement: The Resettlement Process and Its Challenges

John, Regina; Magina, Fredrick Bwire; Kemwita, Emmanuel Fares

doi:10.4236/cus.2019.73020

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As a result, they have no plans to leave the settlement, for they hope the government will provide solutions to flooding. John et al (2019) revealed consistent findings in Tanzania where, following the flood incidences of 2011, floodaffected victims were relocated to Mabwepande settlement, on the outskirts of Dar es Salaam City. However, some returned to the original settlement because of inadequate facilities provided by the government to meet their livelihoods (John et al, 2019: 402).…”

Section: Residents In Flood-risk Informal Settlementssupporting

confidence: 70%

Land acquisition processes in flood-prone informal settlements in Dar es Salaam: A rhetoric revealing land governance

Kemwita

Kombe

Nguluma

et al. 2022

TRP

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Acquisition of land in flood-prone informal settlements is restricted by land-use policies, laws, and regulations in many countries, including Tanzania. Due to rapid urbanisation trends, coupled with growing urban planning deficiencies, many residents, particularly in the low-income group, have resorted to settling in flood-prone informal settlements. This article provides a rhetoric exposé to land governance by exploring the processes that land seekers go through to acquire building land (sites). This includes flood-prone land in informal settlements in Dar es Salaam, despite prohibition by land-use legislation. The study employed a case study design where quantitative and qualitative data were collected, using household questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus-group discussions. Msasani Bonde la Mpunga, a flood-prone settlement in Dar es Salaam, was selected as a case study area to investigate the processes and actors involved. Results showed that most of the landowners in flood-prone areas of Msasani Bonde la Mpunga acquired land parcels informally after they moved into the city from various parts of the country. Approaches and processes of acquiring land were gone through, using social connections with relatives and friends living in the area, engaging brokers, and obtaining verbal or written selling transfer agreements from ward officials. Some encroached or invaded vacant land. Gradually, building structures emerged, although initially, invaders pretended to put up temporary dwellings. The few who inherited land did not undergo similar processes of acquiring land directly. This article concludes that the processes through which land seekers acquire building land, despite being flood-prone areas, are fuelled by weak governance. Government measures are often top-down and reactive instead of proactive. The article recommends rethinking land-governance efforts that entail bottom-up interventions with substantive involvement in decisionmaking processes. These should involve communities in the co-production of appropriate land-governance regulatory measures in flood-prone informal settlements.

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Section: Residents In Flood-risk Informal Settlementssupporting

confidence: 70%

Land acquisition processes in flood-prone informal settlements in Dar es Salaam: A rhetoric revealing land governance

Kemwita

Kombe

Nguluma

et al. 2022

TRP

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“…International frameworks, such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2020 (SFDRR), are meant to encourage the development of public policies from the national down to the local level to address relocations of communities in disaster-prone areas (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction [UNISDR], 2015 ). Countries such as Fiji (Republic of Fiji, 2017 ) and Kiribati (Klepp & Herbeck, 2016 ), for example, have developed guidelines to support proactive resettlement, and John et al ( 2019 ) argue for the strengthening of governing institutions responsible for implementing such plans. However, as noted by others (van Niekerk et al, 2020 ) implementing policies with targets measured against international frameworks such as the SFDRR require understanding the contextual historical and socioeconomic environment that influences the outcomes.…”

Section: Contextualising “Resettlement”: Experiences Institutional Shortcomings and Political Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reckless and haphazard resettlement of communities places them in the same or more dangerous conditions than they were before. John et al ( 2019 ) observed that in Tanzania, the Mabwepande community resettled by the government due to floods, found themselves in an area with massive soil erosion actually increasing the risk of the floods inundating some of the houses.…”

Section: Contextualising “Resettlement”: Experiences Institutional Shortcomings and Political Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contextualising ''resettlement'': experiences, institutional shortcomings and political ecology Literature on resettlement has embraced various, at times countervailing, tendencies. John et al (2019) and Correa (2011) argue that preventive resettlement should be carried out as a last resort when flood hazards are uncontrollable and of high risk. Such preemptive measures reduce the exposure of vulnerable groups and their assets to flood risk by physically removing them from the threatened location to a safer location (Klepp & Herbeck, 2016;Mortreux et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forced displacement: critical lessons in the protracted aftermath of a flood disaster

Mucherera

Spiegel

2021

GeoJournal

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Forced displacement and resettlement is a pervasive challenge being contemplated across the social sciences. Scholarly literature, however, often fails to engage complexities of power in understanding socio-environmental interactions in resettlement processes. Addressing Zimbabwe’s Tokwe-Mukosi flood disaster resettlement, we explore hegemonic uses of state power during the pre- and post-flood induced resettlement processes. We examine how state power exercised through local government, financial, and security institutions impacts community vulnerabilities during forced resettlement processes, while furthering capitalist agendas, drawing insights from analysing narratives between 2010 and 2021. Concerns abound that multiple ministries, the police, and the army undermined displaced people’s resilience, including through inadequate compensation, with state institutions neglecting displaced communities during encampment by inadequately meeting physical security, health, educational, and livestock production needs. We explore how forcibly resettling encamped households to a disputed location is not only an ongoing perceived injustice regionally but also a continuing reference point in resettlement discussions countrywide, reflecting concerns that land use and economic reconfigurations in resettlement can undermine subsistence livelihoods while privileging certain values and interests over others. Policy lessons highlight the need for reviewing disaster management legislation, developing compensation guidelines and reviewing encampment practices. Analytically, lessons point to how state power may be studied in relation to perspectives on the destruction of flood survivors’ connections to place, people and livelihoods, underscoring the critical need for theorising the relationships between power dynamics and diverse experiences around displacement.

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“…However, the catchment has been a subject of increased floods in recent years (Sauka, 2019). Severe floods were reported in 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019(John et al, 2019Kironde, 2016;Sauka, 2019;Valimba & Mahe, 2020), exposing the city's vulnerability to climatic events. The floods are associated with heavy rains (Valimba & Mahe, 2020), whereby within a few hours of the rain event the water rises to a height of two meters or more above the banks of the river.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Morphological Changes of the Msimbazi River Using Satellite Images

Izdori

Alexander

Mulungu

et al. 2022

TJET

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This study assessed historical morphology changes of the Msimbazi River in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania, following heavy rainfall events using historical Google earth images. The erosion and sedimentation processes that cause morphological changes of a river are also associated with flooding within the river catchments. In this study, the bank-line movement, erosion and sedimentation areas and changes in river section width were analyzed under three-time periods: 2005- 2012, 2012- 2018, and 2018- 2020. Data shows that, the timing for floods coincides with the historical records for heavy rains. It was found that, area in the upper reaches of the river such as Kinyerezi suffer from river bank erosion most, as indicated by the large increase in river width. This has resulted into washing away of infrastructure including houses and loss of land. The river channel width at Kinyerezi has widened a lot since 2005, with some sections having widths of more than 90 m. On the lower reaches for example around Kigogo and Jangwani areas, deposition of the soil materials prevails, resulting into raised river bed and reduced river widths. As the river section an hence carrying capacity is reduced, inundation of river banks occurs. This is among the causes of river bank flooding reported at these areas whenever there is a heavy storm event. It is therefore recommended that interventions to solve the flooding events in Dar es Salaam city should also include preventing catchment and river bank erosion on the upstream areas.

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From Msimbazi River Valley to Mabwepande Settlement: The Resettlement Process and Its Challenges

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Land acquisition processes in flood-prone informal settlements in Dar es Salaam: A rhetoric revealing land governance

Land acquisition processes in flood-prone informal settlements in Dar es Salaam: A rhetoric revealing land governance

Forced displacement: critical lessons in the protracted aftermath of a flood disaster

Assessing Morphological Changes of the Msimbazi River Using Satellite Images

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