From Namsos to Halden: Myths and realities in the history of Norwegian seamen's wages, 1850–1914

Abstract

We would like to extend our appreciation to a number of people who assisted in this study. Edgar Hovland and Fritz Hodne made a number of useful suggestions on previous papers analyzing the Wedervang data. Christopher J. Munday assisted in the data collection and made valuable comments on the preliminary analysis. We are also grateful to the staff of theWedervang Archives at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, especially Jan Ramstad and Kjell Bjern Minde, for assistance. We also owe Mr. Ramstad a debt of gratitude for giving us access to what at the time was his unpublished price index.

Matrilineal diversity and population history of Norwegians

“…Ships were also clearly crucial for the Norse expansion during the Viking Age (Østmo, 2003). Moreover, the mid‐19th century “golden age” of sailing vessels has been recorded as being a catalyst for major timber and fishing‐based economic activities within in Norway that led to eventual economic prosperity (Fischer & Nordvik, 1987; Haaland & Svihus, 2011).…”

Phylogeographic history of mitochondrial haplogroup J in Scandinavia

“…Haplogroup J mtDNAs have been found among early human remains in Scandinavia (Bramanti et al, 2009 ; Malmström et al, 2015 ) and may be due to the arrival of Neolithic farmers, the earliest evidence of which is about six kya (Malmer, 2002 ). For millennia, genetically distinct Neolithic farmers and local Scandinavian hunter‐gatherers co‐existed (Malmström et al, 2015 ), differing in that farmers cultivated crops and managed husbandry year‐round instead of sporadically (Fischer & Nordvik, 1987 ; Sørensen & Karg, 2014 ). Genomic admixture between hunter‐gatherers and early Neolithic farmers occurred in Sweden at around five kya (Skoglund et al, 2014 ), suggesting that Scandinavian hunter‐gatherers had been partially assimilated into agricultural communities before agriculture became the predominant subsistence strategy in Scandinavia (Skoglund et al, 2012 ).…”