From Peanut Oil to Biodiesel- History and Brazilian Policyfor the Energetic Use of Fats and Oils

Abstract

Abstract:The history of the use of oils and fats as liquid fuels in Diesel cycle engines mingles with engine own history. However, it was only in the XXI Century that Brazil and other countries started its commercial use on a large scale. Specifically in Brazil, it was started in 2005 a bold program for replacing diesel by biodiesel. As a result, in only 10 years was installed in the country an industrial park capable to produce annually about 4 billion liters of fatty acids methyl esters, generating thousands of jobs. Although the Brazilian biodiversity present several possible oils and fats sources, today the Brazilian industry virtually uses only soybean oil and waste fat from the animal processing industry as raw material. The future of this industry is very promising, and there are even government new targets for increasing the replacement of diesel by biodiesel.Keywords: Biodiesel; historical; oils and fats. ResumoA história do uso de óleos e gorduras como combustíveis líquidos em motores do ciclo Diesel se confunde com a história do próprio motor. No entanto, foi somente no Século XXI que o Brasil e outros países iniciaram o seu uso comercial em larga escala. Especificamente no Brasil, foi iniciado em 2005 um ousado programa para a substituição de óleo diesel por biodiesel. Como resultado, em apenas 10 anos foi instalado no país um parque industrial capaz de produzir cerca de 4 bilhões de litros de ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos anualmente, gerando milhares de empregos. Apesar da biodiversidade brasileira apresentar diversas possíveis fontes de óleos e gorduras, a indústria brasileira hoje praticamente utiliza apenas o óleo de soja e gorduras residuais do processamento de animais de corte. O futuro desta indústria é bastante promissor, já havendo metas governamentais para o aumento da substituição do óleo diesel por este biocombustível.Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; histórico; óleos e gorduras.

The Effect of Fe3+, Fe2+, Co2+ e Cr3+ Ions in the Oxidative Stability and Kinetics of biodiesel Oxidation Reaction With and Without the Addition of Rosemary Extract

“…4,5 Because is produced from various vegetable oils and animal fat, biodiesel contains unsaturated esters that are susceptible to the oxidation process, causing problems in its chemical stability, especially during storage. [6][7][8] According to Fazal et al (2017) 9 and Sui & Li (2019) 10 the chemical stability can be affected when the biodiesel is in contact with metals, particularly transition elements. According to Zuleta et al (2012), 11 biodiesel has corrosive effect on metallic surfaces, promoting the release of ions into the medium.…”