From Table to Stable: A Comparative Review of Selected Aspects of Human and Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Ragno, Valentina M; Zello, Gordon A.; Klein, Colby D; Montgomery, Julia B.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2019.06.003

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Instead, the central concern surrounds endocrinopathic laminitis. 41,42 Hypercoagulability and endothelial injury might contribute to the progressive homeostatic disturbance of the lamellae in chronic, naturally occurring endocrinopathic laminitis cases. 43 Several limitations are present in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiovascular disease and thromboembolic events (including atherosclerosis, cardiac remodeling, transient ischemic attack, and stroke) are not common disease sequelae with EMS and equine obesity (although these conditions might be underdiagnosed). Instead, the central concern surrounds endocrinopathic laminitis 41,42 . Hypercoagulability and endothelial injury might contribute to the progressive homeostatic disturbance of the lamellae in chronic, naturally occurring endocrinopathic laminitis cases 43 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thromboelastography in obese horses with insulin dysregulation compared to healthy controls

Lovett

Gilliam

Sykes

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Both obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with hypercoagulability in people, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and thromboembolic events. Whether hypercoagulability exists in obese, insulin-dysregulated horses is unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives: To determine if coagulation profiles differ between healthy horses and those with obesity and insulin dysregulation.Animals: Fifteen healthy horses (CON) and 15 obese, insulin-dysregulated horses (OBID). Individuals were university or client owned.Methods: Case-control study. Obesity was defined as a body condition score (BCS) ≥7.5/9 (modified Henneke scale). Insulin dysregulation status was assessed by an oral sugar test (OST). Kaolin-thromboelastography and traditional coagulation variables were compared between groups. The direction and strength of the association between coagulation variables and BCS and OST results were determined using Spearman's correlation.Results: Thromboelastography variables MA (OBID: 69.5 ± 4.5 mm; CON: 64.8 ± 4.3 mm; P = .007) and G-value (OBID: 11749 ± 2536 dyn/m 2 ; CON: 9319 ± 1650 dyn/m 2 ; P = .004) were higher in OBID compared to CON. Positive correlations between MA and BCS (R = 0.45, P = .01) and serum insulin (T 0 : R = 0.45,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thromboelastography in obese horses with insulin dysregulation compared to healthy controls

Lovett

Gilliam

Sykes

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Indeed, hyperinsulinemia is closely associated with insulin resistance [ 48 , 50 ]. Again, the term Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is used to describe horses with insulin dysregulation, obesity, and/or localized fat deposits and other risk factors that increase the risk of laminitis [ 4 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. It should be noted that not all obese horses have elements of ID, and some horses with IR and/or ID are not obese [ 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Obesity and Insulin Resistance In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise Conditioning on Countering the Effects of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Horses—A Review

Pratt-Phillips

2024

Animals

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Obesity is an important health concern in horses, along with humans and companion animals. Adipose tissue is an inflammatory organ that alters the insulin-signaling cascade, ultimately causing insulin dysregulation and impaired glucose metabolism. These disruptions can increase the risk of metabolic disease and laminitis in horses and may also impact energy metabolism during exercise. A single bout of exercise, along with chronic exercise conditioning, increases insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal via both contraction- and insulin-mediated glucose uptake pathways. Regular exercise also increases calorie expenditure, which can facilitate weight (as body fat) loss. This paper explores the metabolic pathways affected by adiposity, as well as discusses the impact of exercise on insulin metabolism in horses.

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“…Simple sugars in a human diet are known to contribute to IR and obesity, whereas unsaturated fats have been proven to improve metabolic profiles, and decrease inflammation [160,161]. However, further investigations are needed to better understand the effect of dietary composition on insulin metabolism and inflammatory mediators in horses, which could help to improve dietary management [162]. Negative energy balance is more difficult to control in equids than in humans, especially in female individuals, since their pregnancy and lactation periods automatically alter their energy balance.…”

Section: Comparison Between Ems and Metsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in Dairy Cows and Horses: Comparison to Human Metabolic Syndrome

Daradics

Crecan

Rus

et al. 2021

Life

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Obesity has become a serious health problem with frequent occurrence both in human and animal populations. It is estimated that it may affect over 85% of the human population and 70–80% of horses and cows by 2030. Fat cow syndrome (FCS) is a combination of metabolic, digestive, infectious, and reproductive disorders that affects obese periparturient dairy cows, and occurs most frequently in loose-housing systems, where periparturient and dry cows are fed and managed in one group disregarding the lactation stages. Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) was named after human metabolic syndrome (MetS) and has insulin dysregulation as a central and consistent feature. It is often associated with obesity, although EMS may occur in a lean phenotype as well. Other inconsistent features of EMS are cardiovascular changes and adipose dysregulation. Laminitis is the main clinical consequence of EMS. MetS holds a 30-years old lead in research and represents a clustering of risk factors that comprise abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia (impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes mellitus—T2DM), which are associated with doubled atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, and a 5-fold increased risk for T2DM. The main aim of this review is to provide critical information for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction in animals, especially in cows and horses, in comparison with MetS. Human medicine studies can offer suitable candidate mechanisms to fill the existing gap in the literature, which might be indispensable for owners to tackle FCS, EMS, and their consequences.

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From Table to Stable: A Comparative Review of Selected Aspects of Human and Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 13 publications

References 107 publications

Thromboelastography in obese horses with insulin dysregulation compared to healthy controls

Thromboelastography in obese horses with insulin dysregulation compared to healthy controls

Effect of Exercise Conditioning on Countering the Effects of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Horses—A Review

Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in Dairy Cows and Horses: Comparison to Human Metabolic Syndrome

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