2011
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2677
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From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth and morphology

Abstract: How bacteria grow and divide while retaining a defined shape is a fundamental question in microbiology, but technological advances are now driving a new understanding of how the shape-maintaining bacterial peptidoglycan sacculus grows. In this Review, we highlight the relationship between peptidoglycan synthesis complexes and cytoskeletal elements, as well as recent evidence that peptidoglycan growth is regulated from outside the sacculus in Gram-negative bacteria. We also discuss how growth of the sacculus is… Show more

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Cited by 1,098 publications
(1,311 citation statements)
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References 138 publications
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“…There are additional, fascinating questions associated with the intersection of mechanics and bacterial growth, that we shall not discuss here, such as the forces exerted by the Z-ring in the bacterial division process (Egan and Vollmer 2013;Li et al 2013;Piro et al 2013;Sun and Jiang 2011), the role of crescentin in shaping curved cells (Cabeen et al 2009), and the growth of curved and helical bacteria (Sycuro et al 2010;Typas et al 2011), to name but a few.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are additional, fascinating questions associated with the intersection of mechanics and bacterial growth, that we shall not discuss here, such as the forces exerted by the Z-ring in the bacterial division process (Egan and Vollmer 2013;Li et al 2013;Piro et al 2013;Sun and Jiang 2011), the role of crescentin in shaping curved cells (Cabeen et al 2009), and the growth of curved and helical bacteria (Sycuro et al 2010;Typas et al 2011), to name but a few.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…B acterial cell shape is structurally determined by a rigid peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall built outside of the cytoplasmic membrane by a series of cell wall assembly enzymes (1). In many rod-shaped species these enzymes are coordinated by the actinlike protein, MreB, though the mechanism coupling this cytoplasmic protein to the extracellular cell wall enzymes and the specific functions executed by MreB have remained largely mysterious.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Average polymer length (subunits) Total FtsZ concentration (ÂľM) Number of FtsZ molecules Contraction parameter (i 2 av Z N ) 1 2 3 The cell is conceptually divided into three compartments: the cell caps (1), the midcell (2), and the midcell membrane (3). FtsZ moves between the cell caps and the midcell regions by di usion.…”
Section: Figure1mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For recent reviews see Typas et al, Egan and Vollmer, and den Blaauwen. [3][4][5] Despite extensive work since the discovery in 1991 that FtsZ is the major component of the contractile ring, 6 the mechanism driving the assembly and contraction of the Z-ring as well as the link between protein function and cellular phenotype remain poorly understood. Translation of the activity of FtsZ measured in vitro to its function in vivo is critical to further our understanding of cytokinesis.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%