“…Formal elements such as rhyme, meter, setting, characterization, and plot were used to identify the theme of a text. In addition to the theme, the New Criticism required readers to look for paradox, ambiguity, irony, and tension to help establish the single best and most unified interpretation of a text (Brooks, ). This focus on the text as an objective entity was criticized by reader response and poststructural theorists (Fish, ; Rosenblatt, ; Tompkins, ) for its failure to include the responses of actual readers and the sociocultural contexts of the creation, dissemination, and reception of the texts being studied.…”