From Two- to Three-Dimensional Model of Heat Flow in Edge-Emitting Laser: Theory, Experiment and Numerical Tools

Szymański, Michał; Kozłowska, Anna; Tomm, Jens W.; Huk, Roman; Maląg, A.; Rusek, Marian

doi:10.3390/en14217006

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…Several approaches have been proposed to mitigate COD, such as current blocking [9,10], surface passivation [11][12][13], non-absorbing mirrors [14,15], quantum well intermixing [16][17][18][19], and multi-section waveguide design [20][21][22][23]. To study the thermal behavior and heating mechanisms of LDs, various experimental and computational methods have been employed, such as micro photoluminescence [24], Raman spectroscopy [25], infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy [26,27], thermoreflectance spectroscopy [28][29][30][31][32], analytical models [35][36][37][38][39], and numerical simulations [40][41][42][43]. In this paper, we present a combined experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of waveguide width on the temperature and reliability of LDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrow versus broad waveguide laser diodes: a comparative analysis of self-heating and reliability

Demir,

Sünnetçioglu,

Ebadi

et al. 2024

High-Power Diode Laser Technology XXII

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Semiconductor laser diodes (LDs) generate high output powers with high power conversion efficiencies. While broad-area LDs are favored for high-power applications, narrow-waveguide LDs are in demand for their single-mode characteristics. However, LDs suffer from device failures caused by catastrophic optical damage (COD) due to elevated self-heating at high operating currents. It is critical to understand the COD mechanism in these devices to enhance their reliability and operating output power. In this study, we investigated the self-heating and temperature characteristics of LDs with varying waveguide widths to uncover the cause of their failure mechanism. We assessed the performance, junction, and facet temperatures of the narrow (W=7 µm) and broad waveguide (W=100 µm) LDs. The narrower waveguide LDs achieved and operated at higher output power densities but, surprisingly, maintained lower junction and facet temperatures. Additionally, we employed a thermal simulation model to analyze heat transport characteristics versus LD waveguide widths. The simulation results showed that narrower waveguide LDs exhibit improved three-dimensional heat dissipation, resulting in reduced junction and facet temperatures and, thus, enhanced reliability. Our simulations align well with the experimental data. The findings demonstrate a transition in heat dissipation characteristics from broad to narrow waveguide behavior at approximately 50 µm width. These results clarify the fundamental reasons behind the superior reliability of narrower waveguide LDs and provide valuable guidance for LD thermal management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrow versus broad waveguide laser diodes: a comparative analysis of self-heating and reliability

Demir,

Sünnetçioglu,

Ebadi

et al. 2024

High-Power Diode Laser Technology XXII

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The Potential Impact of Laser Pointers on Aviation Safety

Wawrzyński

Zieja

Michalski³

et al. 2022

Energies

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Introduction: Although aviation is considered the safest mode of transportation, the annual number of pilots blinded by laser light cannot be understated. An analysis of the available statistics indicates that it is a widespread phenomenon. The stories told by the pilots show the consequences of these incidents, ranging from temporary sight loss to months of vision problems. The article also describes the current penalties for dazzling a pilot by laser light. Moreover, limited research has been conducted on the intensity of laser light of different wavelengths passing through the fairing and through standard glasses used by pilots. Understanding the effects of laser glare on pilots can help reduce adverse events and improve the ability of safety managers to develop safety procedures. Correctly designed transport systems enable effective route planning and order processing. Methods: Two types of easily available laser pointers, drawn at different distances from the aircraft, were analyzed and the intensity of the transmitted light was examined. Results: The results showed that the intensity decreases with distance and that the intensity is too low to harm the eye. In addition, it should not be forgotten that the light propagates in a cone which strengthens the illumination effect in the cabin and causes pilots to lose orientation. Practical application of the findings: They enable the identification of areas around the airport where the use of lasers should be prohibited. Practical Application: The possibility of determining the transition of laser light through the windscreen of the aircraft as well as its intensity under near real-life conditions.

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Correlation of Superlattice Cross-Plane Thermal Conductivity with Emission Wavelength in InAlAs/InGaAs Quantum Cascade Lasers

et al. 2022

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The low cross-plane thermal conductivity of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) is a significant limitation in their Continuous-Wave (CW) performance. Structural parameters such as individual layer thicknesses and interface density vary for QCLs with different target emission wavelengths, and these design parameters are expected to influence the cross-plane thermal conductivity. Though previous works have used theoretical models and experimental data to quantify thermal conductivity, the correlation between target wavelength and thermal conductivity has yet to be reported for QCLs. In this work, we observe a general trend across a group of QCLs emitting from 3.7 to 8.7 µm: as the QCL design changes to reduce wavelength, the thermal conductivity decreases as well. Numerically, we measured an approximate 70% reduction in thermal conductivity, from 1.5 W/(m·K) for the 8.7 µm device, to 0.9 W/(m·K) for the 3.7 µm device. Analysis of these structures with the Diffuse Mismatch Model (DMM) for thermal boundary resistance (TBR) shows that the largest contribution of this effect is the impact of superlattice interface density on the thermal conductivity. The observed changes in conductivity result in significant changes in projected CW optical power and should be considered in laser design.

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From Two- to Three-Dimensional Model of Heat Flow in Edge-Emitting Laser: Theory, Experiment and Numerical Tools

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Narrow versus broad waveguide laser diodes: a comparative analysis of self-heating and reliability

Narrow versus broad waveguide laser diodes: a comparative analysis of self-heating and reliability

The Potential Impact of Laser Pointers on Aviation Safety

Correlation of Superlattice Cross-Plane Thermal Conductivity with Emission Wavelength in InAlAs/InGaAs Quantum Cascade Lasers

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