From Uganda to Italy: a case of nephrotic syndrome secondary to Plasmodium infection, Quartan malarial nephropathy and kidney failure

Abstract

Gentile F, Martino M, Santangelo L, Giordano P, Torres DD, Carbone V, Di Palma AM, Rossini M, Gesualdo L, Giordano P, Giordano M. From Uganda to Italy: a case of nephrotic syndrome secondary to Plasmodium infection, Quartan malarial nephropathy and kidney failure. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 776-779.Malaria (M), the first parasitic infection, is sometimes associated with nephrotic syndrome (NS) in tropical areas. Kidney involvement during quartan malaria is represented by immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis (GN). Generally, NS develops several weeks after onset of quartan fever and its clinical course proceeds slowly to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) even after eradication of the infection. We describe a case of Plasmodium malariaeassociated nephrotic syndrome and chronic proliferative glomerulopathy in a boy from Uganda. Renal biopsy revealed chronic proliferative GN with capillary wall thickening producing a double contour, segmental sclerosis and tubular atrophy. Blood Giemsa smear contained rare ring-form trophozoites and gametocytes of Plasmodium spp. This case highlights the importance of obtaining remote travel histories from immigrants presenting with nephrotic syndrome especially due to the current immigration crisis in Europe. Malaria has low prevalence or less known in our continent and requires more medical attention by European doctors.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical genosensors for species-specific diagnosis of malaria

“…However, recent studies have highlighted the clinical significance of these non-falciparum species [ [8] , [9] , [10] ]. Both P. malariae and P. ovale have been implicated in major disease presentations such as severe anaemia, kidney-related complications, respiratory distress, hypotension, severe thrombocytopenia, jaundice, hepatomegaly, and hepatic dysfunction with possible fatal outcomes [ 9 , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ]. In addition, recent reports indicate an increasing prevalence of P. malariae and P. ovale in settings where P. falciparum transmission is decreasing [ 8 , [16] , [17] , [18] ].…”