From waste to health: sustainable exploitation of grape pomace seed extract to manufacture antioxidant, regenerative and prebiotic nanovesicles within circular economy

Abstract

pomace seed extract loaded vesicles were prepared as promising technological and green solution to exploit agri-food wastes and by-products, and develop high value-added products for human health. An antioxidant extract rich in bioactive compounds (epicatechins, catechin, gallic acid, quercetin and procynidins) was obtained from the seeds isolated from the pomace of cannonau red grape cultivar. the extract was incorporated into phospholipid vesicles ad hoc formulated for intestinal delivery, by combining them, for the first time, whit a maltodextrin (Glucidex). Glucidex-transfersomes, glucidexhyalurosomes and glucidex-hyalutransferomes were prepared, characterized and tested. Glucidexliposomes were used as reference. All vesicles were small in size (~ 150 nm), homogeneously dispersed and negatively charged. Glucidex-transfersomes and especially glucidex-hyalutransfersomes disclosed an unexpected resistance to acidic pH and high ionic strength, as they maintained their physicochemical properties (size and size distribution) after dilution at pH 1.2 simulating the harsh gastric conditions. Vesicles were highly biocompatible and able to counteract the oxidative damages induced in Caco-2 cells by using hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, they promoted the formation of Lactobacillus reuteri biofilm acting as prebiotic formulation. Overall results suggest the potential of glucidexhyalutransfersomes as food supplements for the treatment of intestinal disorders. The circular economy involves the creation of a closed-loop ecosystem for effective consumption and utilization of resources by the adoption of reduce, reuse, and recycle paradigms 1. According to this paradigm, reducing the generation of wastes through their recycle and reuse as well as the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources are the main challenges for the modern circular economy. A transition towards a restorative and regenerative economic cycle based on more sustainable practices and reduced environmental impacts of

Characterization of Nasco grape pomace-loaded nutriosomes and their neuroprotective effects in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

“…with potential therapeutic applications ( Suleria et al, 2020 ). Interestingly, although grape pomaces are considered a waste by-product, they still possess high amounts of several polyphenols that possess higher therapeutic value ( Manca et al, 2020 ).…”

Liposomes loaded with polyphenol-rich grape pomace extracts protect from neurodegeneration in a rotenone-basedin vitromodel of Parkinson's disease

“…15,17 In this regard, grapes, and especially their seeds and skin, represent one of the richest natural sources of antioxidant phenolic compounds. [18][19][20] Grape pomace, a mixture of seeds and skins obtained by pressing grapes, represents a by-product of wine production characterized by a relatively high concentration of phenolics, 21 being the skins rich in anthocyanins and the seeds in non-anthocyanin molecules. 22 The costeffective and sustainable conversion of the grape pomace into valuable antioxidant extracts is a "green" paradigm adopted in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries to reduce the environmental impact of waste disposal in winemaking.…”

Extraction, Characterization and Incorporation of Hypericum scruglii Extract in Ad Hoc Formulated Phospholipid Vesicles Designed for the Treatment of Skin Diseases Connected with Oxidative Stress

“…The increased size can be related to its deposition on the vesicle surface [78]. However, the presence of glucidex alone or in combination with gelatin or sodium hyaluronate improved the stability of the dispersions, probably because of the formation of a more viscous and structured medium capable of avoiding aggregation and fusion, as previously reported for polymer associated vesicles [38,79,80].…”