From winery by-product to healthy product: bioavailability, redox signaling and oxidative stress modulation by wine pomace product

Abstract

The use of winery by-products, such as wine pomace, to improve human health is attracting increasing interest. The wine pomace is the mainly winery by-products consisted of seeds and skins that suppose an economic and environmental problem and their use as functional ingredient or for pharmaceutical purposes are being increasingly recognized as a good and inexpensive source of bioactive compounds. In this sense, it known the potential health properties of wine pomace products in the prevention of disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity, etc. Those effects are due to the bioactive compounds of wine pomace, involved in the maintaining of the cell redox balance through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory process. The mechanisms concern especially modulation of antioxidant/prooxidant activity, improvement of nitric oxide bioavailability, reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and modulation of antioxidant/inflammatory signal pathways. This review mainly summarizes the studies that examine the mechanisms of wine pomace products as modulators of oxidative status involved in cell pathologies as well as their potential therapeutic use for cardiovascular diseases. For this purpose, the review provides an overview of the findings related to the wine pomace bioactive compounds profile, their bioavailability and the action mechanisms through which them maintain the redox cell balance involved in health benefits. The review suggests an important role for wine pomace product in cardiovascular diseases prevention and their regular food intake may to attenuate the development and progression of comorbidities associated to cardiovascular diseases.

Comparison between In Vitro Chemical and Ex Vivo Biological Assays to Evaluate Antioxidant Capacity of Botanical Extracts

“…Intermediate levels of total phenols (as observed for pomegranate, rosemary, and Vineatrol extracts) correspond to intermediate protective effects. The knowledge of phenolic concentration ranges effective for preventing oxidative damages is of interest due to the fact that these metabolites are only marginal components of plant tissues and usually have modest bioavailability [41,42]. Noteworthy is that the total phenolic content in the extracts is below 20% of their dry weights (Figure 1B) with the only exception of ITA-seeds which reaches approximately 40%.…”

Phytochemicals Derived from Agricultural Residues and Their Valuable Properties and Applications

“…The presence of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and protective activity of the cardiovascular system provides possibilities for many applications [ 221 ]. The potential beneficial role of phytochemicals of grape pomace in the prevention of disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes, and obesity, is due to the mechanisms concerned especially modulation of antioxidant/prooxidant activity, improvement of nitric oxide bioavailability, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulation of antioxidant/inflammatory signal pathways [ 222 ].…”

Grapevine Wastes: A Rich Source of Antioxidants and Other Biologically Active Compounds

“…Bioactive compounds from wine by-products exert their protective effect on disorders caused by oxidative stress or inflammatory processes [ 108 ]. Thus, flavonoids from grape pomace can decrease the production of RONS (reactive oxygen species and nitrogen) by inhibiting the enzymes that produce them, in particular NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4), eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), COX2 (ciclooxigenase 2) and SOD1 and 2 (superoxide dismutase 1 and 2), upregulating NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) and downregulating Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathways [ 109 ].…”