From Words to Actions: The Phonetics of Eigenlijk in Two Communicative Contexts

Plug, Leendert

doi:10.1159/000090094

Cited by 103 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…7 For example, of recurrently lacks a vowel portion, and when it does have a vowel, it is recurrently central rather than back. It can also be seen that eigenlijk occurs in its highly reduced, monosyllabic form, as previously described by Ernestus (2000), Keune et al (2005) and Plug (2005). With reference to the two subtypes of repair, of the 27 instances with editing terms, 15 are error repairs and 12 are appropriateness repairs.…”

Section: Editing Termssupporting

confidence: 62%

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Phonetic reduction and informational redundancy in self-initiated self-repair in Dutch

Plug

2011

Journal of Phonetics

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Section: Editing Termssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…4 Previous research on the Dutch editing term eigenlijk 'actually' (Plug 2005) suggests that it is recurrently highly reduced, while most previous research on the phonetics of repetition has observed phonetic reduction rather than expansion, too, across a range of contexts (e.g. Fowler 1988, Bard et al 2000.…”

Section: Editing Terms and Repetitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonetic reduction and informational redundancy in self-initiated self-repair in Dutch

Plug

2011

Journal of Phonetics

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“…Furthermore, the unreduced and reduced variants may slightly differ in their pragmatic function (e.g. Plug, 2005). These acoustic and pragmatic differences between reduced and unreduced pronunciation variants may lead infants to store these variants as separate entries in their mental lexicons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pronunciation Variation in Infant-Directed Speech: Phonetic Reduction of Two Highly Frequent Words

Lahey

Ernestus

2013

Language Learning and Development

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In spontaneous conversations between adults, words are often pronounced with fewer segments or syllables than their citation forms. The question arises whether infant-directed speech also contains phonetic reduction. If so, infants would be presented with speech input that enables them to acquire reduced variants from an early age. This study compared speech directed at 11-and 12-month-old infants with adult-directed conversational speech and adult-directed read speech. In an acoustic study, 216 tokens of the Dutch words allemaal and helemaal from speech corpora were analyzed for duration, number of syllables and vowel quality. In a perception study, adult participants rated these same materials for reduction and provided phonetic transcriptions. The results show that these two words are frequently reduced in infant-directed speech, and that their degree of reduction is comparable to conversational adult-directed speech. These findings suggest that lexical representations for reduced pronunciation variants can be acquired early in linguistic development. 3An important component of language acquisition is the learning of words and their meanings.Before infants can attach meanings to words, they must acquire the ability to recognize a given word across different contexts. This is a complicated task, as each token of a word is acoustically different. Pronunciation variation can, for instance, be caused by speaker gender, voice characteristics and accent or dialectical variation. This raises the question of how infants learn to cope with pronunciation variation.In spontaneous conversations between adults, another common cause of pronunciation variation is reduction: words are often pronounced with fewer segments or syllables than their citation forms (for an introduction to the phenomenon of reduction, see Ernestus & Warner, 2011). For instance, the word yesterday can be pronounced in South-West American English as [jɛʃei]. Phonetic reduction leads to great variability in speech. Johnson (2004) showed that in a corpus of American English, no less than 20% of word tokens were pronounced with at least one segment missing, and 6% with at least one syllable missing. Similar results have been found for Dutch spontaneous speech (Schuppler, Ernestus, Scharenborg & Boves, 2011). In this study, we investigate whether highly reduced forms are prevalent in infant-directed speech, and we discuss the implications of this type of pronunciation variation for the building of a lexicon.Despite the high frequency of occurrence of reduced pronunciation variants, these forms normally do not seem to hinder communication. Adult listeners appear to understand these variants without any problem, at least when they are heard in context (Ernestus, Baayen & Schreuder, 2002). This raises the question of when infants can start learning to process reduced variants. In this study we investigated whether words are also reduced in speech to 11-and 12-month-old infants, that is whether highly reduced pronunciation variants occur in infant-di...

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“…One speculative explanation for this latter result is that Dutch listeners may need to distinguish such forms, because the amount of phonetic reduction may be important in discourse (see, e.g., Plug, 2005). Since consonant lenition is grammaticalized in some languages (Shockey, 2003), it seems not far fetched to assume that reduction may have pragmatic purposes in other languages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How we hear what is hardly there: Mechanisms underlying compensation for /t/-reduction in speech comprehension

Mitterer

Yoneyama

Ernestus

2008

Journal of Memory and Language

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In four experiments, we investigated how listeners compensate for reduced /t/ in Dutch. Mitterer and Ernestus [Mitterer, H., & Ernestus, M. (2006). Listeners recover /t/s that speakers lenite: evidence from /t/-lenition in Dutch. Journal of Phonetics, 34, showed that listeners are biased to perceive a /t/ more easily after /s/ than after /n/, compensating for the tendency of speakers to reduce word-final /t/ after /s/ in spontaneous conversations. We tested the robustness of this phonological context effect in perception with three very different experimental tasks: an identification task, a discrimination task with native listeners and with non-native listeners who do not have any experience with /t/-reduction, and a passive listening task (using electrophysiological dependent measures). The context effect was generally robust against these experimental manipulations, although we also observed some deviations from the overall pattern. Our combined results show that the context effect in compensation for reduced /t/ results from a complex process involving auditory constraints, phonological learning, and lexical constraints.

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From Words to Actions: The Phonetics of Eigenlijk in Two Communicative Contexts

Cited by 103 publications

References 22 publications

Phonetic reduction and informational redundancy in self-initiated self-repair in Dutch

Phonetic reduction and informational redundancy in self-initiated self-repair in Dutch

Pronunciation Variation in Infant-Directed Speech: Phonetic Reduction of Two Highly Frequent Words

How we hear what is hardly there: Mechanisms underlying compensation for /t/-reduction in speech comprehension

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