Frontoparietal pattern similarity analyses of cognitive control in monozygotic twins

Tang, Rongxiang; Etzel, Joset A.; Kizhner, Alexander; Braver, Todd S.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118415

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…This can be seen most clearly in “fingerprinting” studies (Finn et al, 2015 ), in which pattern similarity techniques demonstrate that individuals show high test–retest reliability, such that their activation profile from a test scan can be easily discriminated from other individuals in a retest session (i.e., significantly higher test–retest similarity within-individuals than between). Moreover, our group has extended this approach into the domain of task fMRI and cognitive control, using twin-based study designs to demonstrate a remarkable degree of similarity among identical twin-pairs relative to unrelated pairs (or even fraternal pairs) in the fronto-parietal regions most strongly associated with cognitive control functions (Tang et al, 2021 ). Most strikingly, these effects were only observed when utilizing multivariate activation pattern similarity, rather than univariate measures (Etzel et al, 2020 ), and demonstrated clear domain-generality (i.e., cross-task effects; (Tang et al, 2021 )).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, our group has extended this approach into the domain of task fMRI and cognitive control, using twin-based study designs to demonstrate a remarkable degree of similarity among identical twin-pairs relative to unrelated pairs (or even fraternal pairs) in the fronto-parietal regions most strongly associated with cognitive control functions (Tang et al, 2021 ). Most strikingly, these effects were only observed when utilizing multivariate activation pattern similarity, rather than univariate measures (Etzel et al, 2020 ), and demonstrated clear domain-generality (i.e., cross-task effects; (Tang et al, 2021 )). Together, this work suggests the possibility that utilizing multivariate rather than univariate descriptions of the individual might be a promising direction even for behavioral characterizations.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the psychometric evaluation of cognitive control tasks: An Investigation with the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) battery

et al. 2023

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The domain of cognitive control has been a major focus of experimental, neuroscience, and individual differences research. Currently, however, no theory of cognitive control successfully unifies both experimental and individual differences findings. Some perspectives deny that there even exists a unified psychometric cognitive control construct to be measured at all. These shortcomings of the current literature may reflect the fact that current cognitive control paradigms are optimized for the detection of within-subject experimental effects rather than individual differences. In the current study, we examine the psychometric properties of the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) task battery, which was designed in accordance with a theoretical framework that postulates common sources of within-subject and individual differences variation. We evaluated both internal consistency and test–retest reliability, and for the latter, utilized both classical test theory measures (i.e., split-half methods, intraclass correlation) and newer hierarchical Bayesian estimation of generative models. Although traditional psychometric measures suggested poor reliability, the hierarchical Bayesian models indicated a different pattern, with good to excellent test–retest reliability in almost all tasks and conditions examined. Moreover, within-task, between-condition correlations were generally increased when using the Bayesian model-derived estimates, and these higher correlations appeared to be directly linked to the higher reliability of the measures. In contrast, between-task correlations remained low regardless of theoretical manipulations or estimation approach. Together, these findings highlight the advantages of Bayesian estimation methods, while also pointing to the important role of reliability in the search for a unified theory of cognitive control.

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Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the psychometric evaluation of cognitive control tasks: An Investigation with the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) battery

et al. 2023

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“…Moreover, the larger sample size and genotyping available in the HCP make it possible to link neural and behavioral cognitive control profiles identified in the DMCC with relevant dimensions of genetic variation. In addition, the subset of MZ twins within the DMCC sample makes it possible to examine the effects of heritability and shared environmental on cognitive control variation in a manner that is more systematic and theoretically driven than has been possible in prior investigations within this domain (Tang, Etzel, Kizhner, & Braver, 2021).…”

Section: Dmcc Project Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, reactive control might be more strongly identified in terms of the neural coding of congruency information or stimulus-control associations, whereas proactive control is likely to be associated with the coding of task rules or goal-related information. Our group has started to explore MVPA approaches, such as representational similarity analysis (RSA), with the DMCC data set, as a means to better understand neural coding within the Stroop task (Freund, Bugg, & Braver, 2021) and similarity among twins (Tang et al, 2021). As such, we believe that these approaches are highly promising for more systematic exploration.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control Project

Braver

Kizhner

Tang

et al. 2021

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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We describe an ambitious ongoing study that has been strongly influenced and inspired by Don Stuss's career-long efforts to identify key cognitive processes that characterize executive control, investigate potential unifying dimensions that define prefrontal function, and carefully attend to individual differences. The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project tests a theoretical framework positing two key control dimensions: proactive and reactive. The framework's central tenets are that proactive and reactive control modes reflect domain-general dimensions of individual variation, with distinctive neural signatures, involving the lateral pFC as a central node within associated brain networks (e.g., fronto-parietal, cingulo-opercular). In the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project, each participant is scanned while performing theoretically targeted variants of multiple well-established cognitive control tasks (Stroop, cued task-switching, AX-CPT, Sternberg working memory) in three separate imaging sessions, that each encourages utilization of different control modes plus also completes an extensive out-of-scanner individual differences battery. Additional key features of the project include a high spatio-temporal resolution (multiband) acquisition protocol and a sample that includes a substantial subset of monozygotic twin pairs and participants recruited from the Human Connectome Project. Although data collection is still continuing (target n = 200), we provide an overview of the study design and protocol, along with initial results (n = 80) revealing evidence of a domain-general neural signature of cognitive control and its modulation under reactive conditions. Aligned with Don Stuss's legacy of scientific community building, a partial data set has been publicly released, with the full data set released at project completion, so it can serve as a valuable resource.

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“…Prior work has illustrated that weakly connected brain regions within certain functional networks (i.e., frontoparietal, cingulo-opercular) exhibit high modal controllability, suggesting that they are responsible for the brain’s dynamics and transitions during effortful and difficult tasks [ 3 , 11 ]. Moreover, decades of cognitive neuroscience research have demonstrated that these same functional networks are activated to support a diverse range of cognitive and executive control processes, particularly when there is increased task difficulty or demand that requires substantial cognitive effort [ 12 – 14 ]. Therefore, we focus our investigation of modal controllability specifically within the following two networks in the present study: the multiple demand system and the frontoparietal control network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal association of executive function and structural network controllability in the aging brain

et al. 2022

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Executive function encompasses effortful cognitive processes that are particularly susceptible to aging. Functional brain networks supporting executive function—such as the frontoparietal control network and the multiple demand system—have been extensively investigated. However, it remains unclear how structural networks facilitate and constrain the dynamics of functional networks to contribute to aging-related executive function declines. We examined whether changes in structural network modal controllability—a network’s ability to facilitate effortful brain state transitions that support cognitive functions—are associated with changes in executive function cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Diffusion-weighted imaging and neuropsychological testing were conducted at two time points (Time 1: ages 56 to 66, N = 172; Time 2: ages 61 to 70, N = 267) in community-dwelling men from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. An executive function factor score was computed from six neuropsychological tasks. Structural networks constructed from white matter connectivity were used to estimate modal controllability in control network and multiple demand system. We showed that higher modal controllability in control network and multiple demand system was associated with better executive function at Time 2, after controlling for age, young adult general cognitive ability, and physical health status. Moreover, changes in executive function over a period of 5 to 6 years (Time 1-Time 2, N = 105) were associated with changes in modal controllability of the multiple demand system and weakly in the control network over the same time period. These findings suggest that changes in the ability of structural brain networks in facilitating effortful brain state transitions may be a key neural mechanism underlying aging-related executive function declines and cognitive aging.

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Frontoparietal pattern similarity analyses of cognitive control in monozygotic twins

Cited by 9 publications

References 77 publications

On the psychometric evaluation of cognitive control tasks: An Investigation with the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) battery

On the psychometric evaluation of cognitive control tasks: An Investigation with the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) battery

The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control Project

Longitudinal association of executive function and structural network controllability in the aging brain

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