Frost heave mechanism in welded tuff

Akagawa, Satoshi; Fukuda, Masami

doi:10.1002/ppp.3430020405

Cited by 70 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In contrast, long-term slow freezing in intact rocks favours ice segregation that begins at a subfreezing temperature (e.g. Akagawa and Fukuda, 1991;Hallet et al, 1991). Freeze-thaw tests using intact rocks indicate that ice segregation prevails in rocks having a large internal surface area, favouring adsorptive force, whereas the role of volumetric expansion intensifies with lowering surface area and higher porosity (Matsuoka, 1990a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…With reference to thermal conditions, the suggested critical temperature for frost weathering is not unequivocal, but ranges from 0°C to À22°C (e.g. Grawe, 1936;McGreevy and Whalley, 1982;Walder and Hallet, 1985;Lautridou, 1988;Akagawa and Fukuda, 1991). Even if a proper threshold is determined for a certain field condition, its application to bedrock weathering needs to incorporate scale effects, for instance by evaluating the depth reached by the critical temperature (Matsuoka, 1994;Anderson, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Direct observation of frost wedging in alpine bedrock

Matsuoka

2001

Earth Surf Processes Landf

124

111

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Width and temperature of rock joints were automatically monitored in the Japanese Alps. Three years of monitoring on a sandstone rock face shows two seasonal peaks of joint widening in autumn and spring. The autumn events are associated with short-term freeze-thaw cycles, and the magnitude of widening reflects the freezing intensity and water availability. The short-term freezing can produce wedging to a depth of at least 20 cm. The spring events follow a rise in the rock surface temperature to 0°C beneath the seasonal snowcover, and likely originate from refreezing of meltwater entering the joint. Some of these events contribute to permanent enlargement of the joint. Two other joints on nearby rock faces experience only sporadic widening accompanying freeze-thaw cycles and insignificant permanent enlargement. Observations indicate that no single thermal criterion can explain frost weathering. The temperature range at which wedging occurs varies with the bedrock conditions, water availability and duration of freezing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Direct observation of frost wedging in alpine bedrock

Matsuoka

2001

Earth Surf Processes Landf

124

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ice segregation (Tabor, 1929, 1930, Arakawa, 1965, Walder J and Hallet, 1985, Akagawa and Fukuda 1991, Hallet et al, 1991, Matsuoka and Murton, 2008) takes place in freezing or frozen microporous media. The unfrozen water held in microcracks and adsorbed onto the surfaces of mineral particles is forced by temperature gradient-induced suction through a porous medium…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze–thaw fracturing in building granites

Freire-Lista

Fort

Varas–Muriel

2015

Cold Regions Science and Technology

131

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“…C is compiled and simplified from Gamper (1993) and Burga (1993). Hallet, 1985;Akagawa and Fukuda, 1991;Hallet et al, 1991;Murton et al, 2001), depending partly on the pore structure (e.g. Matsuoka, 2001a).…”

Section: Rock Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses

Harris

Arenson

Christiansen³

et al. 2009

Earth-Science Reviews

574

361

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We present a review of the changing state of European permafrost within a spatial zone that includes the continuous high latitude arctic permafrost of Svalbard and the discontinuous high altitude mountain permafrost of Iceland, Fennoscandia and the Alps. The paper focuses on methodological developments and data collection over the last decade or so, including research associated with the continent-scale network of instrumented permafrost boreholes established between 1998 and 2001 under the European Union PACE project. Data indicate recent warming trends, with greatest warming at higher latitudes. Equally important are the impacts of shorter-term extreme climatic events, most immediately reflected in changes in active layer thickness. A large number of complex variables, including altitude, topography, insolation and snow distribution, determine permafrost temperatures. The development of regionally calibrated empiricalstatistical models, and physically based process-oriented models, is described, and it is shown that, though more complex and data dependent, process-oriented approaches are better suited to estimating transient effects of climate change in complex mountain topography. Mapping and characterisation of permafrost depth and distribution requires integrated multiple geophysical approaches and recent advances are discussed. We report on recent research into ground ice formation, including ice segregation within bedrock and vein ice formation within ice wedge systems. The potential impacts of climate change on rock weathering, permafrost creep, landslides, rock falls, debris flows and slow mass movements are also discussed. Recent engineering responses to the potentially damaging effects of climate warming are outlined, and risk assessment strategies to minimise geological hazards are described. We conclude that forecasting changes in hazard occurrence, magnitude and frequency is likely to depend on process-based modelling, demanding improved understanding of geomorphological process-response systems and their impacts on human activity. We present a review of the changing state of European permafrost within a spatial zone that includes the continuous high latitude arctic permafrost of Svalbard and the discontinuous high altitude mountain permafrost of Iceland, Fennoscandia and the Alps. The paper focuses on methodological developments and data collection over the last decade or so, including research associated with the continent-scale network of instrumented permafrost boreholes established between 1998 and 2001 under the European Union PACE project. Data indicate recent warming trends, with greatest warming at higher latitudes. Equally important are the impacts of shorter-term extreme climatic events, most immediately reflected in changes in active layer thickness. A large number of complex variables, including altitude, topography, insolation and snow distribution, determine permafrost temperatures. The development of regionally calibrated empiricalstatistical models, and physically based ...

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Frost heave mechanism in welded tuff

Cited by 70 publications

References 8 publications

Direct observation of frost wedging in alpine bedrock

Direct observation of frost wedging in alpine bedrock

Freeze–thaw fracturing in building granites

Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses

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