Fructooligosaccharide and Soy Isoflavone Suppress Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Dimethylhydrazine-Treated Rats

Sung, Hye‐Young; Choi, Young-Sun

doi:10.1089/jmf.2007.003

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…16,17 In a previous study we observed an additive effect of high SI dose (1,000 mg=kg of diet) to that of fructooligosaccharide on the formation of aberrant crypt (AC) foci (ACF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). 18 The dose, 1,000 mg per kg, was far above normal physiological levels. Similar high doses frequently have been used in many studies of the anticancer efficacy of SIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The numbers of ACF and ACs observed per focus were recorded. 18,22 Measurement of plasma concentrations of genistein, daidzein, and equol Glucuronides and sulfates were hydrolyzed, and genistein, daidzein, and equol were extracted and measured by timeresolved fluoroimmunoassay using genistein, daidzein, and equol kits (Labmaster Ltd., Turku, Finland). 23 All reagents were purchased from Wallac Oy (Turku, Finland).…”

Section: Quantification Of Acfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci by Soy Isoflavones Is Dose-Independent in Dimethylhydrazine-Treated Rats

Min

Sung

Choi

2010

Journal of Medicinal Food

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The potential of soy isoflavones (SIs) to reduce colon cancer has been investigated in animal models. These studies have found that outcomes are variable and depend on SI dose. The present study investigated dose-response effects of SIs on colon carcinogenesis in a chemically induced rat cancer model. Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and were provided experimental diets that contained 0, 10, 50, 150, or 500 mg of SI aglycones/kg of diet for 12 weeks. Plasma concentrations of genistein, daidzein, and equol were determined using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Plasma concentrations of these SIs tended to increase in a dose-dependent manner in DMH-treated rats. The numbers of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins of colons were significantly decreased in the SI-fed groups compared with the control group; however, suppression was not dose-dependent. Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between plasma SI concentrations and ACF or COX-2 expression. Increased SI intake and increased plasma levels of SIs and metabolites were not associated with tissue levels of lipid peroxidation. We conclude that dietary supplementation of SIs suppresses DMH-induced ACF formation and COX-2 expression in a dose-independent manner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Quantification Of Acfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci by Soy Isoflavones Is Dose-Independent in Dimethylhydrazine-Treated Rats

Min

Sung

Choi

2010

Journal of Medicinal Food

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“…Some studies have indicated that prebiotics such as FOS may play an important role in cancer prevention (Daddaoua et al, 2007;Sung and Choi, 2008). Clark et al (2012) recently reviewed the effect of prebiotics on biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC) and concluded that certain prebiotics had the potential to prevent colonic cancer.…”

Section: Prebiotics and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study in obese mice revealed that oligofructose ingestion stimulated secretion of glucagon-like peptide-2 (Cani et al, 2009), a potent intestinal growth factor, in a rat model of DSS-induced colitis (Brubaker et al, 1997). Sung and Choi (2008) found that cyclooxygenase-2 expression in rats treated with dimethylhydrazine, was decreased following FOS administration, and it was proposed that this could represent a potential mechanism of action for certain prebiotics.…”

Section: Prebiotics and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential treatment options are limited by the requirement for treatments to protect the mucosa and promote the repair process, without compromising cytotoxic effects on the neoplasm. Certain growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-α and betacellulin (Choi et al, 2008;Dahlhoff et al, 2008;Sukhotnik et al, 2008a;Sukhotnik et al, 2008b;Boukhettala et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2010) have the potential to promote differentiation and proliferation of epithelial cells, and 'prime' the intestine prior to chemotherapy, in addition to accelerating the repair process. Previously, keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1) has shown efficacy in the oral form of the condition (Blijlevens and Sonis, 2007), and decreased diarrhoea in a rat model of irinotecan-induced mucositis (Gibson et al, 2005), however, it is yet to be applied extensively in the treatment of intestinal mucositis in humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prebiotics: A Potential Treatment Strategy for the Chemotherapy-damaged Gut?

Wang

Geier

Howarth

2014

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Mucositis, characterized by ulcerative lesions along the alimentary tract, is a common consequence of many chemotherapy regimens. Chemotherapy negatively disrupts the intestinal microbiota, resulting in increased numbers of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridia and Enterobacteriaceae, and decreased numbers of "beneficial" bacteria, such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Agents capable of restoring homeostasis in the bowel microbiota could therefore be applicable to mucositis. Prebiotics are indigestible compounds, commonly oligosaccharides, which seek to reverse chemotherapy-induced intestinal dysbiosis through selective colonization of the intestinal microbiota by probiotic bacteria. In addition, evidence is emerging that certain prebiotics contribute to nutrient digestibility and absorption, modulate intestinal barrier function through effects on mucin expression, and also modify mucosal immune responses, possibly via inflammasome-mediated processes. This review examines the known mechanisms of prebiotic action and explores their potential to reduce the severity of chemotherapy-induced mucositis in the intestine. MUCOSITISThe treatment of cancer by chemotherapy, sometimes in combination with radiotherapy, is associated with an array of acute side-effects, including alopecia, neutropenia and nausea (Logan et al., 2007). Furthermore, these treatments can also induce inflammation and deterioration of the mucosal membranes of the alimentary tract, a condition referred to as mucositis. Mucositis can occur throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract (Gibson et al., 2005); however, it most commonly affects the mucosa of the mouth (oral mucositis) and small intestine (gastrointestinal mucositis), with symptoms including pain, vomiting, bloating, and diarrhoea. Severe cases are often associated with secondary complications such as malnutrition and septicaemia, resulting in poor patient outcomes. Indeed, the pathobiology of mucositis is influenced by the nature of the causative agent (Logan et al., 2009), with temporal variations in pathogenesis, in addition to the location and severity of damage (Logan et al., 2009). Consequently, the multi-factorial nature of mucositis makes it a difficult condition to understand, and subsequently treat.Despite mucositis being one of the most common side-effects of cancer treatment (Choi et al., 2007) its incidence and severity is highly variable, and is dependent on the treatment regimen and individual variation in terms of tolerability . Approximately 40% of all patients undergoing chemotherapy develop mucositis (Gibson et al., 2002; with this number rising to between 60% and 100% in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy regimens for conditions such as the haematological malignancies (Gibson et al., 2002;. To date, effective treatments for intestinal mucositis have been elusive. Potential treatment options are limited by the requirement for treatments to protect the mucosa and promote the repair process, without compromising cytotoxic effects on the ...

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