Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from ischaemic heart disease: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heart study

A high intake of fruit and vegetables (FV) has been shown to be associated with reduced risk of a number of chronic diseases, including CVD. This review aims to provide an overview of the evidence that increased FV intake reduces risk of CVD, focusing on studies examining total FV intake. This evidence so far available is largely based on prospective cohort studies, with meta-analyses demonstrating an association between increased FV intake and reduced risk of both CHD and stroke. Controlled intervention trials examining either clinical or cardiovascular risk factor endpoints are scarce. However, such trials have shown that an increase in FV consumption can lower blood pressure and also improve microvascular function, both of which are commensurate with a reduced risk of CVD. The effects of increased FV consumption on plasma lipid levels, risk of diabetes and body weight have yet to be firmly established. In conclusion, evidence that FV consumption reduces the risk of CVD is so far largely confined to observational epidemiology, with further intervention studies required.

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“…02). Excluding participants who died within the first 2 years of follow up from IHD did not alter the association observed (29) .…”

Section: Ecological/modelling Studiesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease

2013

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“…3,4 Reasons for disproportionate disease are likely multifactorial, but unfavorable diet almost certainly contributes. For instance, diets low in fruits and vegetables are thought to contribute to obesity, chronic disease, and early mortality, 5,6 and the Bronx has the highest percentage of NYC residents reporting no fruits or vegetables consumed the previous day (18.2% vs. 9.1% in Manhattan, for example). 4 A substantial and growing body of evidence relates low fruit-and-vegetable intake with having limited nearby sources of fresh produce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Carts (Mobile Produce Vendors) in the Bronx—Optimally Positioned to Meet Neighborhood Fruit-and-Vegetable Needs?

et al. 2011

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Poor access to fresh produce likely contributes to disparities in obesity and diet-related diseases in the Bronx. New York City's Green Cart program is a partial response to the problem. We evaluated this program (permitting street vendors to sell fresh produce) by canvassing the Bronx for carts, interviewing vendors, and analyzing their locations and food offerings. Green Carts were clustered in areas of probable high pedestrian traffic, covering only about 57% of needy areas by liberal estimates. Some carts sold outside allowed boundaries; a few sold sugary snacks. Vendor locations and their food offerings suggest possible areas for program improvement.

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“…The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heart study investigators published the largest prospective analysis of FV intake and CVD risk to date (16) . A total of 313 074 men and women without a…”

Section: Fruit and Vegetables And Cvd Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruits and vegetables: measuring intake and encouraging increased consumption

Woodside

McKinley

2013

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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A high intake of fruit and vegetables (FV) is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease, although the evidence base is mostly observational. Blood biomarkers offer an objective indicator of FV intake, potentially improving estimates of intakes based on traditional methods. A valid biomarker of overall FV intake would be able to confirm population intakes, more precisely evaluate the association between intakes and health outcomes and confirm compliance in FV interventions. Several substances have been proposed as biomarkers of FV intake: vitamin C, the carotenoids and polyphenols. Certain biomarkers are strong predictors of single FV; however, the proposed single biomarkers of FV consumption are only modestly predictive of overall FV consumption. This is likely to be due to the complexity of the FV food group. While accurately measuring FV intake is important in nutrition research, another critical question is: how best can an increase in FV intake be achieved? Increased FV intake has been achieved in efficacy studies using intensive dietary advice. Alternative, less intensive methods for encouraging FV consumption need to be developed and tested for population level intervention. Systematic reviews suggest peer support to be an effective strategy to promote dietary change. This review will describe the evidence for a link between increased FV intake and good health, outline possible novel biomarkers of FV consumption, present the most recently available data on population intake of FV and examine the usefulness of different approaches to encourage increased consumption of FV.

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Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from ischaemic heart disease: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heart study

Cited by 238 publications

References 35 publications

Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease

Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease

Green Carts (Mobile Produce Vendors) in the Bronx—Optimally Positioned to Meet Neighborhood Fruit-and-Vegetable Needs?

Fruits and vegetables: measuring intake and encouraging increased consumption

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