Fruit Biology of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)

Beveridge, Fernanda Caro; Kalaipandian, Sundaravelpandian; Yang, Chongxi; Adkins, Steve W.

doi:10.3390/plants11233293

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The results indicated that pre-treatment could further enhance the success of tissue culture. It was speculated that the storage pre-treatment might activate the internal germination mechanism of the coconuts, imparting greater vitality to the explants [29]. Storing the coconut fruits for 15 days during shipment would not pose an issue and could even boost the callusing rate, which links back to the previous concern regarding long-distance shipment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the molecular mechanism still remains unknown, further research being required with regard to this scientific issue. A storage process can also be considered as a pretreatment for embryos, facilitating germination processes during the storage period [29]. This may be the reason why stored coconut demonstrated a better performance regarding somatic embryogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Maturity, Storage, and Embryo Size on Coconut Callus Induction Success

Mu,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Forests

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Coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) are globally significant palms with both economic and cultural value. Despite the increasing demand for coconut products, production is decreasing globally due to palm senility, pests, and diseases. It has been estimated that over half of the world’s coconut palms need to be replaced immediately. The coconut industry has acknowledged that conventional propagation methods are unlikely to yield sufficient high-quality planting material. Therefore, coconut tissue culture is considered a potential solution to this problem. By using coconut tissue culture, a large number of plantlets can be obtained in a short period of time. In this study, the quality of explants and the development stage (visible shoot/non-visible shoot) of coconut used for micropropagation were examined. To our knowledge, little research has been undertaken on this aspect of coconut micropropagation. Our results indicated that tender coconut fruit exhibited an advantage over mature fruits. In addition, coconut plumule explants subjected to an extended storage of 15 days demonstrated enhanced development compared to those without storage. Notably, smaller embryos utilized as explants displayed superior callus formation compared to their larger counterparts. Finally, embryos possessing shoots exhibited improved callus initiation, albeit accompanied by a more pronounced browning effect. Further investigations are required to obtain more knowledge about the most suitable conditions for plumule explants that lead to optimal callus initiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Maturity, Storage, and Embryo Size on Coconut Callus Induction Success

Mu,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Forests

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“…Low temperature poses a critical challenge, impeding the natural growth of coconuts and serving as one of the detrimental abiotic stresses that affect their topographical distribution ( Yang et al., 2018 ). The optimal temperature for coconut growth is 27-32°C, with yearly average temperature of 29°C ( Beveridge et al., 2022 ). Low temperature not only inflicts severe damage on low-temperature sensitive coconut varieties at seedlings stage, but also leads to fruit drop, uneven accumulation of coconut flesh and decreased quality of coconut water in mature plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data reveal the cold stress responses molecular mechanisms of two coconut varieties

Li,

Wang,

Sayed

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Among tropical fruit trees, coconut holds significant edible and economic importance. The natural growth of coconuts faces a challenge in the form of low temperatures, which is a crucial factor among adverse environmental stresses impacting their geographical distribution. Hence, it is essential to enhance our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms through which cold stress influences various coconut varieties. We employed analyses of leaf growth morphology and physiological traits to examine how coconuts respond to low temperatures over 2-hour, 8-hour, 2-day, and 7-day intervals. Additionally, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses to identify the molecular and physiological shifts in two coconut varieties displaying distinct sensitivities to the cold stress. As the length of cold stress extended, there was a prominent escalation within the soluble protein (SP), proline (Pro) concentrations, the activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves. Contrariwise, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH) underwent a substantial reduction during this period. The widespread analysis of metabolome and transcriptome disclosed a nexus of genes and metabolites intricately cold stress were chiefly involved in pathways centered around amino acid, flavonoid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. We perceived several stress-responsive metabolites, such as flavonoids, carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, which unveiled considerably, lower in the genotype subtle to cold stress. Furthermore, we uncovered pivotal genes in the amino acid biosynthesis, antioxidant system and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway that presented down-regulation in coconut varieties sensitive to cold stress. This study broadly enriches our contemporary perception of the molecular machinery that contributes to altering levels of cold stress tolerance amid coconut genotypes. It also unlocks several unique prospects for exploration in the areas of breeding or engineering, aiming to identifying tolerant and/or sensitive coconut varieties encompassing multi-omics layers in response to cold stress conditions.

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“…Palm trees play a dual role as both a vital source of food, supporting local economies and providing essential nutrients, and as ornamental plants, enhancing landscapes, cultures, and recreational spaces. Balancing the economic benefits of palm cultivation with sustainable practices and conservation efforts is crucial to ensure the long-term viability of these significant plant species [20] . Many palm products, such as coconuts and dates, are rich in essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on 74 varieties of palm trees used around the world as food and Ornaments

Olotu,

Datok

et al. 2024

J Pharmacogn Phytochem

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Palm trees, a diverse and ecologically significant group of plants, have been utilized by human societies for centuries for various purposes, ranging from sustenance to ornamental use. This work presents an examination of the global diversity of palm tree species, with a particular focus on their dual roles as sources of food and ornamental elements. The study begins with an exploration of the extensive taxonomy and distribution of palm trees, highlighting the myriad species found across different regions and ecosystems. Special attention is given to the unique characteristics that make each variety distinct, including their morphology, ecological preferences, and adaptability to diverse climates. A systematic search on scientific literatures in NAPRALERT, PubMed, Medline and Peered Reviewed Journals from the inception of the database to December, 2023 was conducted. More information was collected from Google Scholar and gray literature (Leafyplace.com) on the subject matter. To determine accuracy and quality of the gray literature information, the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date and Significance (AACODS) was used. The results reviewed 74 different species of palm trees including 7 species of Loulu palm trees and 5 species of Indoor palm trees with Quindío wax palm the tallest in the world (45-60m) found in the warmest zones of the USA and Needle palm being the smallest 3 ft. (1 m) tall found in many habitats and native to central Texas and northeastern Mexico. Two of the varieties of the palm trees were identified as pseudo palm trees. The first major component of the results identified palms by their common names, scientific names, maturity sizes, USDA hardness, and the extent of their sunlight exposure. The second major focus of the results delved into differentiating the different species of palms by their gross morphology, classifications, climatic conditions, and uses. Lastly, the third component of the results displayed their identifications by pictures. In conclusion, the synthesis of these three components of inquiry provided a holistic understanding of the multifaceted different varieties of palm trees worldwide. These will help in the choice of the appropriate palm plant for one's garden or for growing indoors and for food. Recommendations are offered for the conservation and responsible utilization of palm trees, both for their nutritional benefits and their aesthetic contributions to human culture and landscapes.

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Fruit Biology of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

The Influence of Maturity, Storage, and Embryo Size on Coconut Callus Induction Success

The Influence of Maturity, Storage, and Embryo Size on Coconut Callus Induction Success

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data reveal the cold stress responses molecular mechanisms of two coconut varieties

A study on 74 varieties of palm trees used around the world as food and Ornaments

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