Fruit-Derived Polysaccharides and Terpenoids: Recent Update on the Gastroprotective Effects and Mechanisms

Abstract

Ulceration in the stomach develops in peptic ulcer disease when there is a loss of protective mucosal layers, particularly in Helicobacter pylori infection. Antibiotic therapy has failed to eradicate and impede the colonization of H. pylori. Despite given treatment, recurrent bleeding can occur and lead to death in the affected individual. The disease progression is also related to the non-steroidal inflammatory drug and stress. There are extensive research efforts to identify the gastroprotective property from various alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins compounds from plants and marine. These natural products are believed to be safe for consumption. However, not much attention was given to summarize the carbohydrate and terpenoidal anti-ulcer compounds. Hence, this review will cover the possible mechanisms and information about acidic hydroxylans, arabinogalactan and rhamnogalacturon; and limonene, pinene, lupeol, citral, ursolic acid and nomilin to exemplify on the gastroprotective properties of polysaccharides and terpenoid, respectively, obtained from fruits. These compounds could act as a prebiotic to prevent the inhabitation of H. pylori, modulate the inflammation, suppress gastric cancer growth, and capable of stimulating the reparative mechanisms on the affected regions. Finally, this review provides the future research prospects of these natural compounds in an effort to develop new therapy for gastrointestinal tissue healing.

Gastroprotective Activity of Parastrephia quadrangularis (Meyen), Cabrera from the Atacama Desert

“…The gastroprotective activity of several terpenoids have been reported in the literature. Among them, plaunotol, ferruginol and their derivatives, mulinane diterpenoids, dehydroabietic acid derivatives, carnosol and carnosic acid derivatives, labdane diterpenoids, poligodial sesquiterpenoids, oleanolic acid and their derivatives, suaveolol diterpenoid, ent-beyerene derivatives, and lupeol [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. The gastroprotective effects of these terpenoids reported in those studies were comparable with our results at the same oral dose.…”

The Association between dietary total antioxidant capacity with the risk of helicobacter pylori infection among adult: a case–control study

“…Also, a high ber diet in rich of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans (41) can exert a protective effect against H pylori infection (42,43). This may be due to their prebiotic properties which is con rmed in a meta-analysis (44). Besides, fresh vegetables are the source of vitamin C which has been mentioned as a chemopreventive factor against digestive disorders caused by H pylori infection (42).…”

The Association between dietary total antioxidant capacity with the risk of helicobacter pylori infection among adult: a case–control study

“…Also, a high ber diet in rich of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans (41) can exert a protective effect against H pylori infection (42,43). This may be due to their prebiotic properties which is con rmed in a meta-analysis (44). Besides, fresh vegetables are the source of vitamin C which has been mentioned as a chemopreventive factor against digestive disorders caused by H pylori infection (42).…”