Fruit Morphology, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss by Applications of Goat Manures and Bacillus velezensis B-27

Abstract

<p>Snake fruit (<em>Salacca zalacca</em> (Gaertner) Voss) is one of indigenous fruits from Southeast Asia that has been consumed for its antioxidant contents. Improving the fruit quality might increase its benefits for human health. This study aims to analyze fruit morphology, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fruit applied with goat manures and <em>Bacillus velezensis </em>B-27. The research used two-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The first factor is the level of goat manure application i.e. 0 kg plant<sup>-1</sup>, 5 kg plant<sup>-1</sup> and 10 kg plant<sup>-1</sup>, while the second factor is the bacteria application i.e. applied with <em>Bacillus velezensis </em>B-27 and without<em> Bacillus velezensis </em>B-27. The research was conducted in June until December 2019 at Turi, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Fruit length, diameter and shape were measured as morphology parameters. Antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, whereas flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined by the aluminium-chloride colorimetric and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. Means of each parameter were analyzed using ANOVA, continued with the Tukey’s HSD test at a 5% significance level. The result showed that the application of 10 kg goat manure per plant with bacteria increased the fruit length (76.78 mm) and the diameter (62.72 mm). Addition of 10 kg goat manure per-plant combined with <em>Bacillus velezensis </em>B-27 gave the highest antioxidant (IC50 of 37.83 µg.mL<sup>-1</sup>), flavonoid (5.35 mgGAE.100 g<sup>-1</sup>) and total phenolic contents (44 mgQE.100 g<sup>-1</sup>).</p>

Utilization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Bacillus velezensis Inoculation in Suppressing Twisted Disease of Shallot

“…Besides, the ability of bacteria and fungi to produce hormones and enzymes, which cause the epidermal cells of shallot bulbs to become strong and thick, can resist and make it difficult for pathogens to penetrate directly. Research conducted by Ilmiah et al (2021) showed that the application of B. velezensis with goat manure could increase the content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant compounds in snake fruit. In addition, Al-Askar and Rashad (2010) reported that the application of R. intraradices was able to stimulate the production of plant resistancerelated enzymes, such as polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase.…”

Potential soil degradation of paddy fields through observation approaches from various sources of environmental diversity

“…Another proposed for the Girimarto region is the conversion of conventional agriculture to organic farming. The addition of organic matter to the soil will increase the number of microorganisms and biological agents, hence enhancing the soil in all respects [22]. Both due to its fertility, the availability of essential plant nutrients, and improved soil physical conditions.…”

Uji Kelarutan Flavonoid Ekstrak Kulit Salak Dalam Fase Minyak: Asam Oleat, Minyak Zaitun dan Isopropil Miristat

“…Salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss) merupakan buah asli Indonesia yang termasuk dalam suku tanaman palma (Arecaceae) [1]. Buah salak juga disebut snake fruit, memiliki kulit buah yang bersisik menyerupai ular dan berwarna coklat.…”