Fruit resource tracking by hornbill species at multiple scales in a tropical forest in India

Naniwadekar, Rohit; Mishra, Charudutt

doi:10.1017/s0266467415000449

Cited by 27 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thus, by removing more fruits, handling them better than avian frugivores and potentially dispersing them at favourable sites away from the parent trees, hornbills are among the top avian seed dispersers in these forest sites for several plant species. Different hornbill species have been demonstrated to track different kinds of fruit resources at different spatial scales (Naniwadekar, Mishra, & Datta, ) and to participate in long‐distance seed dispersal across unsuitable habitats (Holbrook & Smith, ; Lenz et al, ). In the study region, hornbills are hunted for their body parts (casque and tail feathers) that are used by local communities to adorn their headdresses and for their meat (Naniwadekar, Mishra, & Datta, ; Naniwadekar, Mishra, Isvaran, Madhusudan, et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different hornbill species have been demonstrated to track different kinds of fruit resources at different spatial scales (Naniwadekar, Mishra, & Datta, ) and to participate in long‐distance seed dispersal across unsuitable habitats (Holbrook & Smith, ; Lenz et al, ). In the study region, hornbills are hunted for their body parts (casque and tail feathers) that are used by local communities to adorn their headdresses and for their meat (Naniwadekar, Mishra, & Datta, ; Naniwadekar, Mishra, Isvaran, Madhusudan, et al, ). Given that they occur in relatively lower population densities and have slower breeding rates as compared to other birds, they are extremely vulnerable to hunting pressures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that they occur in relatively lower population densities and have slower breeding rates as compared to other birds, they are extremely vulnerable to hunting pressures. Hornbills have been reported to become locally extinct at other sites in the region (Naniwadekar, Mishra, & Datta, ; Naniwadekar, Mishra, Isvaran, Madhusudan, et al, ). Their loss has been associated with reduced seed dispersal and altered recruitment especially of large‐seeded plants (Naniwadekar, Mishra, & Datta, ; Naniwadekar, Shukla, Isvaran, & Datta, ; Sethi & Howe, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a single site, seed dispersers may vary in several orders of magnitude in size and abundance, for example, from ants to elephants (Campos‐Arceiz & Blake, ; Ness, Bronstein, Andersen, & Holland, ), and correspondingly, they could be expected to vary in their qualitative and quantitative seed dispersal effectiveness (González‐Castro, Yang, Nogales, & Carlo, ; Jordano, Garcia, Godoy, & Garcia‐Castano, ). Given the variation that exists in foraging behaviour, breeding behaviour and ranging patterns across different co‐occurring frugivore species in an area (Holbrook, ; Naniwadekar, Mishra, & Datta, ), they can be expected to provide differential seed dispersal services. This variation in seed dispersal effectiveness between different frugivore species is likely to result in lowering the potential functional redundancy in the seed dispersal role played by different seed disperser species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large‐bodied seed dispersers, on account of their ability to eat large fruits without damaging seeds and dispersing the seeds at large distances, often play an irreplaceable role in seed dispersal (Campos‐Arceiz & Blake, ; Holbrook & Loiselle, ; Jordano et al, ; Levey, ). However, most studies that have evaluated the importance of large avian frugivores have focused on the subset of tree species that are large‐seeded (Holbrook & Loiselle, ; Naniwadekar, Mishra, & Datta, ; Naniwadekar, Mishra, Isvaran, Madhusudan, & Datta, ; Sethi & Howe, ; Vanthomme, Bellé, & Forget, ). The dispersal role of large‐bodied avian frugivores for medium‐ and small‐seeded tree species vis‐à‐vis other frugivores in the plant community is poorly known but see Sebastián‐González ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Large frugivores matter: Insights from network and seed dispersal effectiveness approaches

Naniwadekar

Chaplod

Rathore

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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While large avian frugivores are known to be key dispersers for large‐seeded tree species, their role in community‐wide plant‐disperser networks is still poorly known. Large avian frugivores are also among the most threatened due to anthropogenic impacts. We evaluated the role of large avian frugivores in a plant‐disperser community by (a) determining whether the plant‐disperser community was modular, with a distinct community of large frugivores (thereby highlighting their importance), (b) determining relative qualitative and quantitative roles played by large‐bodied frugivores vis‐à‐vis other frugivores and (c) determining impacts of large‐bodied frugivore loss on the plant‐disperser community. The study was carried out at a tropical forest site in north‐east India, which is part of the Eastern Himalaya Biodiversity Hotspot. We collected tree watch data (20:55 hr) from 46 tree species, which represented 85% of tree species that are predominantly bird‐dispersed in the area. We found that the plant‐disperser community was modular, with a distinct module of large‐seeded tree species and large frugivores. Intermediate‐sized frugivores such as barbets and bulbuls were the most connected, while large‐sized frugivores, such as hornbills and imperial pigeons, were moderately well connected. Qualitative and quantitative roles played by different dispersers varied across the gradient of frugivore body size. Hornbills, the largest avian frugivores, consumed a significantly greater number of fruits and swallowed larger proportions of fruits compared with other avian groups. In comparison with similar‐sized frugivores, imperial pigeons fed on larger‐sized fruits, highlighting their importance for dispersal of large‐seeded plants. Under simulated extinction scenarios, larger extinction cascades were not necessarily caused by larger frugivores; however, extinctions of certain large‐bodied frugivores (hornbills, imperial pigeons) caused extinction cascades. Integrating information from networks and seed dispersal effectiveness approaches enabled a better understanding of large frugivore role in a plant‐disperser community. While large‐bodied frugivores may not be playing a central role in plant‐disperser communities, they are crucial as seed dispersal service providers for large‐seeded plants. In conjunction with the reported local extinctions of large frugivores like hornbills from the south Asian region, this study’s findings highlight the irreplaceable quantitative and qualitative impacts that tropical plant communities are likely to experience in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Large frugivores matter: Insights from network and seed dispersal effectiveness approaches

Naniwadekar

Chaplod

Rathore

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Large frugivores matter more on an island: Insights from island‐mainland comparison of plant–frugivore communities

Naniwadekar

Gopal

Page

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Endozoochory, a mutualistic interaction between plants and frugivores, is one of the key processes responsible for maintenance of tropical biodiversity. Islands, which have a smaller subset of plants and frugivores when compared with mainland communities, offer an interesting setting to understand the organization of plant–frugivore communities vis‐a‐vis the mainland sites. We examined the relative influence of functional traits and phylogenetic relationships on the plant–seed disperser interactions on an island and a mainland site. The island site allowed us to investigate the organization of the plant–seed disperser community in the natural absence of key frugivore groups (bulbuls and barbets) of Asian tropics. The endemic Narcondam Hornbill was the most abundant frugivore on the island and played a central role in the community. Species strength of frugivores (a measure of relevance of frugivores for plants) was positively associated with their abundance. Among plants, figs had the highest species strength and played a central role in the community. Island‐mainland comparison revealed that the island plant–seed disperser community was more asymmetric, connected, and nested as compared to the mainland community. Neither phylogenetic relationships nor functional traits (after controlling for phylogenetic relationships) were able to explain the patterns of interactions between plants and frugivores on the island or the mainland pointing toward the diffused nature of plant–frugivore interactions. The diffused nature is a likely consequence of plasticity in foraging behavior and trait convergence that contribute to governing the interactions between plants and frugivores. This is one of the few studies to compare the plant–seed disperser communities between a tropical island and mainland and demonstrates key role played by a point‐endemic frugivore in seed dispersal on island.

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Phylogeny and biogeography of the Cryptocaryeae (Lauraceae)

Song,

Xia,

Tan

et al. 2023

TAXON

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The biogeographical history of many lineages within the Lauraceae remains poorly known because of the difficulty of assigning macrofossils to living genera, poor pollen preservation, and the absence of sufficiently resolved or well‐supported phylogenies. Here, we utilize plastid genome sequencing to reinvestigate the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of trees in the tribe Cryptocaryeae, an important component of broad‐leaved forests worldwide, with around 800 species that rely on vertebrate frugivores to disperse their seeds. A new time‐calibrated phylogeny with high support for 176 species was used to infer the biogeographic history and speciation rates based on inferences of BAMM analyses. A monophyletic Cryptocaryeae with Aspidostemon, Beilschmiedia, Cryptocarya, Dahlgrenodendron, and Eusideroxylon clades was confirmed. The five clades of Cryptocaryeae were estimated to share a common ancestor in tropical Africa or Asia in the Early Cretaceous around 123 Ma. The Beilschmiedia and Cryptocarya clades were estimated to have originated in South America around 66 Ma. Extant subclades of the Beilschmiedia clade could colonize Australia by 35 Ma and extant subclades of the Cryptocarya clade could colonize Australia by 42 Ma. Diversification rates of the Beilschmiedia clade accelerated 14 and 12 Ma after its origin and diversification rates of the Cryptocarya clade accelerated 18 Ma after its origin. Over 45% extant Cryptocaryeae species originated in the three periods of accelerated differentiation in the Miocene of Asia and Australia. Long‐distance dispersal has had a major influence on biogeography, with dispersal to Asia likely occurring seven times, Zealandia six times, America three times, Australia three times, Africa twice, and Oceania at least once. Over 70% extant Cryptocaryeae species which diverged before the Quaternary grow in the Southern Hemisphere, while 90% extant Cryptocaryeae species which diverged in the Quaternary grow in the Northern Hemisphere. The Cryptocaryeae originated in and diversified with the first angiosperm‐dominated broad‐leaved evergreen forests, from the Cretaceous to the Paleogene. Long‐distance seed dispersal, probably by birds, although possibly also by flotation, has allowed the tribe to track these forests in space and time, despite a failure to adapt to cold, dry, or highly seasonal environments.

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Fruit resource tracking by hornbill species at multiple scales in a tropical forest in India

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Large frugivores matter: Insights from network and seed dispersal effectiveness approaches

Large frugivores matter: Insights from network and seed dispersal effectiveness approaches

Large frugivores matter more on an island: Insights from island‐mainland comparison of plant–frugivore communities

Phylogeny and biogeography of the Cryptocaryeae (Lauraceae)

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