Fruit ripening: the role of hormones, cell wall modifications, and their relationship with pathogens

et al. 2020

IJMS

Berry firmness is one of the most important quality traits in table grapes. The underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms for berry firmness remain unclear. We constructed a high-density genetic map based on whole-genome resequencing to identify loci associated with berry firmness. The genetic map had 19 linkage groups, including 1662 bin markers (26,039 SNPs), covering 1463.38 cM, and the average inter-marker distance was 0.88 cM. An analysis of berry firmness in the F1 population and both parents for three consecutive years revealed continuous variability in F1, with a distribution close to the normal distribution. Based on the genetic map and phenotypic data, three potentially significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to berry firmness were identified by composite interval mapping. The contribution rate of each QTL ranged from 21.5% to 28.6%. We identified four candidate genes associated with grape firmness, which are related to endoglucanase, abscisic acid (ABA), and transcription factors. A qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of abscisic-aldehyde oxidase-like gene (VIT_18s0041g02410) and endoglucanase 3 gene (VIT_18s0089g00210) in Muscat Hamburg was higher than in Crimson Seedless at the veraison stage, which was consistent with that of parent berry firmness. These results confirmed that VIT_18s0041g02410 and VIT_18s0089g00210 are candidate genes associated with berry firmness.

Section: Prediction Of Candidate Genes Related To Berry Firmnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a High-Density Genetic Map and Mapping of Firmness in Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) Based on Whole-Genome Resequencing

Jiang

Fan

et al. 2020

IJMS

“…Consistently, both RALF and ABA were found to be FERONIA-mediated cross-talk signals in stress-response and cell growth in Arabidopsis [52]. These data, together with an established role of FERONIA receptor in cell-wall integrity and Ca 2+ signaling [53] both known to be important during fruit growth and ripening [54]-, and with the similar expression profile of FvMRLKs to the one observed here for FvRALF1, FvRALF6, FvRALF7 and FvRALF13, support an important role for the RALF-MRLK signalling also for strawberry fruit development. Future studies should be conducted in order to demonstrate that RALF peptides and FvMRLK receptors interact in vivo .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) gene family genomic structure and transcriptional regulation during host-pathogen crosstalk in Fragaria vesca and Fragaria x ananassa strawberry

Negrini

O’Grady

Hyvönen

et al. 2019

Preprint

20 21 Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) are cysteins-rich peptides ubiquitous in plant kingdom. They 22 play multiple roles as hormone signals, starting from root elongation, cell growth, pollen tube 23 development and fertilization. Their involvement in host-pathogen crosstalk as negative regulator 24 of immunity in Arabidopsis has also been recognized. In addition, RALF peptides are secreted by 25 different fungal pathogens as effectors during early stages of infections. Campbell and Turner 26 previously identified nine RALF genes in F. vesca v1 genome. Here, based on the recent release of 27 Fragaria x ananassa genome and F. vesca reannotation, we aimed to characterize the genomic 28 organization of the RALF gene family in both type of strawberry species according to tissue specific 29 expression and homology with Arabidopsis. We reveal the presence of 13 RALF genes in F. vesca 30 and 50 in Fragaria x ananassa, showing a non-homogenous localization of genes among the 31 different Fragaria x ananassa subgenomes associated with their different TE element contents 32 and genome remodeling during evolution. Fragaria x ananassa RALF genes expression inducibility 33 upon infection with C. acutatum or B. cinerea was assessed and showed that, among fruit 34 expressed RALF genes, FaRALF3-1 was the only one upregulated after fungal infection. In silico 35 analysis and motif frequency analysis of the putative regulatory elements upstream of the 36FaRALF3 gene was carried out in order to identify distinct pathogen inducible elements. 37 Agroinfiltration of strawberry fruit with 5' deletion constructs of the FaRALF3-1 promoter 38 identified a region required for FaRALF3 expression in fruit, but did not identify a region 39 responsible for fungal induced expression. 40 41 42 3 43 44 123 124 Materials and Methods 125 126 RALF family genes identification, phylogenetic tree analysis, clade determination 127 and chromosome map 128 129 F. vesca RALF genes already reported by Campbell and Turner [6] were implemented 130 through keyword gene search 'RALF' GDR (v4.0.a2) [35]. The output was compared and integrated. 131 Nucleotide sequences of the 13 F. vesca RALF members were used as query for BLASTx on Fragaria 132 x ananassa cv. Camarosa Genome v1.0.a1 proteome [38] to find octoploid RALF homologs. 133 Fragaria x ananassa RALF peptide sequences were aligned by MUSCLE [39] and the phylogeny was 134 inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method and JTT matrix-based model [40]. The tree with 135the highest log-likelihood was chosen. The Initial tree was obtained automatically by applying 136 Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using a JTT model, 137 and then selecting the topology with superior log-likelihood value. Evolutionary analyses were

“…Rapid cell elongation occurs during all plant growth stages [40]. The modification of the plant cell wall is highly required for the release of wall stress and a decrease in rigidity to allow cell elongation [12,41,42]. We identified 19 cell wall metabolism-related genes showing significant differential expression.…”

Section: Cell Wall Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of plant hormones in the regulation of plant growth and fruit development is well established [18]. Auxin plays a role in cell elongation during fruit development stages [12,18]. We identified six DEGs related to auxin.…”

Section: Regulation Of Hormones Related To Fruit Size In Bottle Gourdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hundreds of genes are involved in cell wall metabolism [10]. Regulation of cell wall biogenesis and modification plays an important role in cell expansion and unidirectional elongation during fruit development [11,12]. Expansins are some of the most well characterized cell wall proteins that regulate cell size and growth during all plant growth stages and fruit development [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Two Bottle Gourd Accessions Differing in Fruit Size

Tan

et al. 2020

Genes

The bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is an important horticultural and medicinal crop with high nutritional value. This study aimed at examining the molecular regulation of fruit size in bottle gourd. We performed transcriptome sequencing of two bottle gourd cultivars differing in their fruit size. The average fruit length and weight of the cultivar Hang (39.48 cm/624.4 g) were higher than those of the cultivar USA (10.34 cm/152.8 g) at maturity. Transcriptome sequencing and assembly resulted in 89,347 unigenes. A total of 1250 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were found between the two cultivars, including 422 upregulated genes and 828 downregulated genes in Hang as compared to USA. Genes related to cell wall metabolism, phytohormones, cell cycle, and cell division showed significant differential expression between the two cultivars. DEGs encoding transcription factors (TF) from nine TF families were also identified. The ethylene response factor family was the most enriched among these families. Our study provides a basis for further investigations of the molecular regulation of fruit size in bottle gourd.