Fruit size: Towards an understanding of the metabolic control of fruit growth using avocado as a model system

Abstract

Final fruit size is the consequence of complex metabolic events of final fruit size by cell division is 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) and activity of the sucrose that occur between fruit set and maturation. Disruption of these non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase (SnRK1) complex. It biochemical and molecular processes at any stage during fruit growth will impact on final fruit size. Because fruit size is a is argued that sugar content and composition of sink cells impact on SnRK1 (and hexokinase) to modulate expression of function of cell number rather than cell size, factors affecting sugar-metabolizing enzymes, HMGR and molybdenum cofac-cell division cycle activity assume importance. In this paper, we focus attention on the metabolic control of fruit growth using tor (MoCo)-containing enzymes. These changes, in turn, impact on hormone metabolism by affecting allocation of the avocado as a model system. Three areas of current interest are purine-derived MoCo to aldehyde oxidase and thus the endoge-highlighted, viz. the contribution by isoprenoid metabolism in the control of cell proliferation, the role played by carbohydrate nous concentration of indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and cytokinin (CK) to alter plant hormone homeostasis. These content and composition in signalling changes in metabolite status and gene expression and maintenance of plant hormone aspects are integrated into a model to explain the metabolic homeostasis. Central to the process of fruit growth and control control of avocado fruit growth and final fruit size.either directly or indirectly to alter gene expression. Appreciation of the pleiotropic effects of plant hormones, however, suggests that no single growth regulator can account for a complex process such as fruit morphogenesis. This is because plant hormones exert multiple control on organ development by alterations in concentration and as a result of changes in sensitivity of the affected tissues (Bradford and Trewavas 1994). Therefore, development must be considered the result of intricate spatial and temporal interactions between the resources required for growth and hormonal mediation through the regulation of gene expression. Even so, the fruit developmental programme remains obscure. As stated by Gillaspy et al. (1993): 'Despite centuries of intensive genetic selection of agriculturally valuable fruit, we still lack most information about how fruits develop, how this development is coordinated with embryonic development and seed formation, and the molecular, cellular, and physiological events that control fruit growth and differentiation.'

Correlation between Fruit Characters and Degree of Polysomaty in Fruit Tissues of Capsicum

“…In order to increase the size of some organs and tissues, there are two possible methods, to increase cell numbers or cell size. Several reports have shown that the final fruit size is related to the number of cells, not to cell size (Cowan et al, 2001;Higashi et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2006). In the present study, however, microscopic observation revealed that the cell size of the pericarp tissues of C. annuum 'Oh-natsume' was larger than that of C. annuum 'Shishitou No.…”

Identification of genes specifically expressed in maternal and filial tissues of barley caryopses: a cDNA array analysis

“…Soluble sugars are, however, not the only components in the large regulatory network that exists within seed tissues and aects their interactions (see e.g. Weber 1999, for seeds, andCowan et al 2001, for fruits). Most probably the activity of this regulatory network will also be re¯ected by the expression pattern of genes at the mRNA level.…”

Performance Of Coriander Cultivars For Green Leaf Production Under Late Sowing Condition

“…But excessive shoot growth reduces fruit size fruit quality and yield due to antagonism from leafproduced assimilates (Cowan et al, 2001). The cultivar CO-2 is a dual-purpose cultivar suited both for use as greens and for production of grains.…”