Fruit trees and nuts

Zohary, Daniel; Weiss, Ehud; Hopf, María

doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199549061.003.0006

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…For a long time, it was unknown how to distinguish feral from wild date palms and claims of truly wild date palms could not be substantiated. Scientists agree that wild date palms must have smaller, less pulpy, or even nonpalatable fruit compared to cultivated date palms but this may also be the case in feral date palms and even in seedlings from cultivated date palms [ 57 , 58 ]. A new quantitative approach was thus proposed [ 59 ] with the quantification of seed shape through geometric morphometrics, a method that has already proven its utility in olives and grapes [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: The Wild Ancestor Of the Date Palmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, pollen grains were discovered in Shanidar cave, in layers dating back to 50,000 to 33,000 before present (BP) in Northern Iraq [ 64 ], and second, charcoal was recovered in Ohalo II, Israel dated at 19,000 BP [ 65 ]. It has thus been proposed that the natural distribution of the date palm is found in the Middle East [ 57 ], although these sole remains cannot rule out the possibility of a larger distribution. The identification of a wild population of date palm in Oman provides additional evidence of an ancestral population in this region [ 33 ].…”

Section: The Geography Of the Domesticationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Insights into Date Palm Origins

Gros-Balthazard

Hazzouri

Flowers

2018

Genes

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With the development of next-generation sequencing technology, the amount of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) genomic data has grown rapidly and yielded new insights into this species and its origins. Here, we review advances in understanding of the evolutionary history of the date palm, with a particular emphasis on what has been learned from the analysis of genomic data. We first record current genomic resources available for date palm including genome assemblies and resequencing data. We discuss new insights into its domestication and diversification history based on these improved genomic resources. We further report recent discoveries such as the existence of wild ancestral populations in remote locations of Oman and high differentiation between African and Middle Eastern populations. While genomic data are consistent with the view that domestication took place in the Gulf region, they suggest that the process was more complex involving multiple gene pools and possibly a secondary domestication. Many questions remain unanswered, especially regarding the genetic architecture of domestication and diversification. We provide a road map to future studies that will further clarify the domestication history of this iconic crop.

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Section: The Wild Ancestor Of the Date Palmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Geography Of the Domesticationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Insights into Date Palm Origins

Gros-Balthazard

Hazzouri

Flowers

2018

Genes

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“…olive, grapevine, fig, date palm, pomegranate, sycamore fig), but others were domesticated much later (e.g. apple, pear, plum, cherry), probably because grafting is necessary for the cultivation of these species [ 12 ]. As grafting has been used to propagate selected individuals, it is thought that cultivated clones persisted for many years, and few genetic changes due to selection would therefore be expected [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…apple, pear, plum, cherry), probably because grafting is necessary for the cultivation of these species [ 12 ]. As grafting has been used to propagate selected individuals, it is thought that cultivated clones persisted for many years, and few genetic changes due to selection would therefore be expected [ 12 ]. However, breeding programmes based on selection were investigated for several fruit species in the 20 th Century, with the aim of improving fruit quality and disease resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and genetic bottleneck in sweet cherry estimated with SSRs and the gametophytic self-incompatibility locus

et al. 2010

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BackgroundDomestication and breeding involve the selection of particular phenotypes, limiting the genomic diversity of the population and creating a bottleneck. These effects can be precisely estimated when the location of domestication is established. Few analyses have focused on understanding the genetic consequences of domestication and breeding in fruit trees. In this study, we aimed to analyse genetic structure and changes in the diversity in sweet cherry Prunus avium L.ResultsThree subgroups were detected in sweet cherry, with one group of landraces genetically very close to the analysed wild cherry population. A limited number of SSR markers displayed deviations from the frequencies expected under neutrality. After the removal of these markers from the analysis, a very limited bottleneck was detected between wild cherries and sweet cherry landraces, with a much more pronounced bottleneck between sweet cherry landraces and modern sweet cherry varieties. The loss of diversity between wild cherries and sweet cherry landraces at the S-locus was more significant than that for microsatellites. Particularly high levels of differentiation were observed for some S-alleles.ConclusionsSeveral domestication events may have happened in sweet cherry or/and intense gene flow from local wild cherry was probably maintained along the evolutionary history of the species. A marked bottleneck due to breeding was detected, with all markers, in the modern sweet cherry gene pool. The microsatellites did not detect the bottleneck due to domestication in the analysed sample. The vegetative propagation specific to some fruit trees may account for the differences in diversity observed at the S-locus. Our study provides insights into domestication events of cherry, however, requires confirmation on a larger sampling scheme for both sweet cherry landraces and wild cherry.

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“…The pistachio,Pistacia vera L., is the only cultivated and commercially-grown Anacardiaceae species (Zohary, 1996). It is a diploid (2n = 30, X = 15), dioecious wind pollinated tree, native of the north east of Iran, north Afghanistan and middle Asian republics, (Zohary and Hopf, 1994) and cultivated over large areas around the world. For a long time, pistachios haves several uses, including industrial and pharmaceutical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%