Frustrated Tunnel Ionization of Noble Gas Dimers with Rydberg-Electron Shakeoff by Electron Charge Oscillation

Veltheim, A. von; Manschwetus, Bastian; Quan, Wei; Borchers, Bastian; Steinmeyer, G.; Rottke, H.; Sandner, W.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.023001

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although the fork has gone unaddressed until now, reexamination also reveals the fork structure in some previous experiments [9][10][11][25][26][27]. In the current work, the fork is observed by ionizing Xe atoms using the output of an optical parametric amplifier with a center wavelength of 1.4-2.2 μm.…”

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confidence: 50%

Off-axis low-energy structures in above-threshold ionization

et al. 2014

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The velocity map of the above-threshold ionization electron spectrum at long laser wavelength exhibits a characteristic structure normal to the laser polarization, which has the appearance of a trident or a three-pronged fork. The forklike structure vanishes for few-cycle laser pulses. It is explained in terms of the classical-electrontrajectories model of strong-field ionization augmented so as to allow for rescattering. The analysis reveals its relation to the so-called low-energy structure, which was recently observed for very small transverse momenta. An atom exposed to an intense laser field provides one of the simplest physical realizations of a nonlinearly driven system. It has revealed various phenomena that have generated subfields of their own, such as the generation of high harmonics of the incident laser field, which in turn has brought us attosecond pulses [1]. In contrast to high-order harmonic generation, ionization of atoms can be investigated as a pure single-atom event; macroscopic effects have no significance. Especially, above-threshold ionization (ATI) has caught the interest of experimentalists and theorists alike, ever since its first observation 35 years ago [2,3]. ATI is characterized by the fact that the atom absorbs more photons than are necessary for ionization.In view of the simplicity of the system in question-in principle, as simple as hydrogen [4]-it is remarkable that novel features of ATI have continued to emerge. Recent examples include frustrated tunneling ionization (FTI) [5] and a carpetlike pattern in the ionization velocity map at about right angle to the laser polarization [6] and, for comparatively long laser wavelengths, the so-called low-energy structure (LES) [7] and spiderlike interference structures (SPIDER) that were interpreted as holograms [9][10][11]. The most recent such examples include a structure with an energy below the LES, the very-low-energy structure [12] and a strong enhancement at practically zero energy [13]. The latter two are assumed to be Coulomb-related effects, but there is no consensus as to their detailed origin. ATI is also the basis of various applications: For example, analysis of the velocity map at high energy allows one to extract the electron-ion scattering potential [14] while the details of the spider structure are sensitive to the atomic potential [11]. It also has been used to measure the carrier-envelope phase of few-cycle pulses [15,16].In this letter, strong-field ionization into states with low electron energy by a long-wavelength laser field is investigated experimentally and modeled theoretically. We compare the velocity map of the electron spectrum which is generated by a * max.moeller@uni-jena.de long laser pulse with the one generated by a few-cycle pulse. Besides retrieving the LES and the SPIDER, we observe a third-so far unadressed-fork-like structure which has a shape reminiscent of a trident or three-pronged fork (from here on, we will refer to it by the fork). The fork appears at close to right angle to the laser polar...

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confidence: 50%

Off-axis low-energy structures in above-threshold ionization

et al. 2014

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“…Hence, the approximation (10) would be exact if it were not for the term −i∇φ nlm (r)·A(t) on the right-hand side of Eq. (14). A comparison of the four terms of Eq.…”

Section: E(t)/r(t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum dynamics of atomic Rydberg excitation in strong laser fields

Hao

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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Neutral atoms have been observed to survive intense laser pulses in high Rydberg states with surprisingly large probability. Only with this Rydberg-state excitation (RSE) included is the picture of intense-laser-atom interaction complete. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the underlying physics. However, neither one can explain all the features observed in experiments and in time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) simulations. Here we propose a fully quantummechanical model based on the strong-field approximation (SFA). It well reproduces the intensity dependence of RSE obtained by the TDSE, which exhibits a series of modulated peaks. They are due to recapture of the liberated electron and the fact that the pertinent probability strongly depends on the position and the parity of the Rydberg state. We also present measurements of RSE in xenon at 800 nm, which display the peak structure consistent with the calculations.PACS numbers:

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“…In general, the emergence of strong, symmetry forbidden, lines in high harmonic spectra is a tell-tale sign of symmetry breaking induced by the underlying attosecond electronic [54,55] or vibronic dynamics [56][57][58]. Specifically, we show that symmetry forbidden lines in high harmonic spectra generated in bi-circular fields are sensitive to frustrated tunnel ionization [59][60][61][62][63][64] and the presence of strongly laser-driven Rydberg states, the so-called 'bound states of the free electron' [65], which are able to survive intense laser fields [60][61][62][63][64][66][67][68][69] even when the ground state of the neutral is completely depleted [61,70].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved high harmonic spectroscopy of dynamical symmetry breaking in bi-circular laser fields: the role of Rydberg states

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The bi-circular scheme for high harmonic generation, which combines two counterrotating circular fields with frequency ratio 2:1, has recently permitted to generate high harmonics with essentially circular polarization, opening the way for ultrafast chiral studies. This scheme produces harmonic lines at 3N + 1 and 3N + 2 multiples of the fundamental driving frequency, while the 3N lines are forbidden owing to the three-fold symmetry of the field. It is generally established that the routinely observed signals at these forbidden harmonic lines come from a slight ellipticity in the driving fields, which breaks the three-fold symmetry. We find that this is neither the only nor it is the dominant mechanism responsible. The forbidden lines can be observed even for perfectly circular, long driving pulses. We show that they encode rich information on the sub-cycle electronic dynamics that occur during the generation process. By varying the time delay and relative intensity between the two drivers, we demonstrate that when the second harmonic either precedes or is more intense than the fundamental field, the dynamical symmetry of the system is broken by electrons trapped in Rydberg orbits (i.e., Freeman resonances), and that the forbidden harmonic lines are a witness of this.

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Frustrated Tunnel Ionization of Noble Gas Dimers with Rydberg-Electron Shakeoff by Electron Charge Oscillation

Cited by 49 publications

References 24 publications

Off-axis low-energy structures in above-threshold ionization

Off-axis low-energy structures in above-threshold ionization

Quantum dynamics of atomic Rydberg excitation in strong laser fields

Time-resolved high harmonic spectroscopy of dynamical symmetry breaking in bi-circular laser fields: the role of Rydberg states

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