FTIR-DRIFTS-based prediction of β-carotene, α-tocopherol and l-ascorbic acid in mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit pulp

Abstract

Mango fruits contain substantial vitamins and dietary fibre. Vitamins vary among and within fruits depending on cultivar type and ripening stage. Conventional techniques of vitamins analysis are based on High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, which are costly and laborious. This study evaluated the potential of Fourier transform infrared-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-DRIFTS) technique in predicting β-carotene, α-tocopherol and l-ascorbic acid in pulps of four mango cultivar types ('Apple' , 'Kent' , 'Ngowe' , and 'Tommy Atkins'). Combination of ran dom forest (RF) and first derivative spectra developed the predictive models. Factorial ANOVA examined the interaction effect of cultivar type, site ('Thika' , 'Embu' and 'Machakos), and fruit canopy position (sun exposed/within crown) on β-carotene, α-tocopherol and l-ascorbic acid contents. RF Models gave R 2 = 0.97, RMSE = 2.27, RPD = 0.72 for β-carotene; R 2 = 0.98, RMSE = 0.26, RPD = 0.30 for α-tocopherol and R 2 = 0.96, RMSE = 0.51, RPD = 1.96 for l-ascorbic acid. Generally cultivar type affected vitamin C, F (3, 282) = 7.812, p < 0.05. Apple and Tommy Atkins had higher mean vitamins than Ngowe and Kent. In Machakos, within canopy fruits had higher β-carotene than sun-exposed fruits, F (5, 257) = 2.328, p = 0.043. However, interactions between fruit position, site and cultivar did not affect α-tocopherol and vitamin C. In Thika, Tommy Atkins at fully ripe stage had higher vitamin C than at intermediate maturity stage, F (2, 143) = 7.328, p = 0.01. These results show that FTIR-DRIFTS spectroscopy is a high-throughput method that can be used to predict mango fruit vitamins of in a large data set.

Influence of Proteins on Bioaccessibility of α-Tocopherol Encapsulation within High Diacylglycerol-Based Emulsions

“…The absorption peak appeared around 1740 cm −1 due to the C=O stretching vibration in OD molecule, which was similar to the characteristic peak of olive triglycerides [ 51 ]. The peaks of α -tocopherol at 1462 cm −1 and 1377 cm −1 were observed in the three initial freeze-dried samples, which were generated by shear vibrations of the methylene and methyl groups on its side chains [ 52 , 53 ]. In addition, in the three initial freeze-dried samples, peaks were in the region of 3200 cm −1 to 3600 cm −1 ; this was related to the stretching vibration of O-H [ 54 ].…”

Mango Fruit Processing: Options for Small-Scale Processors in Developing Countries

“…The nutritional quality of mangoes is to a great extent contributed by carotenoids, particularly β-carotene at about 4.138 mg/100 g [24]. The Tommy Atkins variety has been reported to contain 0.64 mg β-carotene, 0.009 mg α-carotene, 0.01 mg β-cryptoxanthin and lutein, and 0.023 mg zeaxanthin per 100 g [22,25]. This indicates that there is variation of carotenoids naturally among mangoes as a result of climatic effects, variety differences, stage of maturity at harvesting period, and storage.…”

Supplementation of Garcinia mangostana Linn and Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC extract reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress in rats

“…However, the increase of free radical formation due to external influences can make the defense system less effective so it requires the intake of antioxidants from the outside. Nonessential antioxidants such as α-tocopherol, β-carotene, vitamin C (Grażyna et al, 2017;Olale et al, 2019) and flavonoids can be obtained from various types of vegetables and fruits (Jiménez-Aguilar and Grusak, 2017).…”