FtsK is a bifunctional protein involved in cell division and chromosome localization in <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Li, Xinwei; Draper, G. Craig; Donachie, W.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00986.x

Cited by 135 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…In the ⌬rtp ⌬spoIIIE mutant, RipX would, therefore, be less effective at dimer resolution. The carboxyl-terminal domain of E. coli FtsK is homologous to SpoIIIE (30) and is required for efficient chromosome dimer resolution via dif recombination (26)(27)(28)(29). Like SpoIIIE, FtsK localizes to the division septum (64).…”

Section: The Absence Of Rtp Probably Results In An Increase In Chromomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of replication termination mutants on chromosome partitioning in Bacillussubtilis

Lemon

Kurtser²,

Grossman³

2000

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Many circular genomes have replication termination systems, yet disruption of these systems does not cause an obvious defect in growth or viability. We have found that the replication termination system of Bacillus subtilis contributes to accurate chromosome partitioning. Partitioning of the terminus region requires that chromosome dimers, that have formed as a result of RecA-mediated homologous recombination, be resolved to monomers by the site-specific recombinase encoded by ripX. In addition, the chromosome must be cleared from the region of formation of the division septum. This process is facilitated by the spoIIIE gene product which is required for movement of a chromosome out of the way of the division septum during sporulation. We found that deletion of rtp, which encodes the replication termination protein, in combination with mutations in ripX or spoIIIE, led to an increase in production of anucleate cells. This increase in production of anucleate cells depended on recA, indicating that there is probably an increase in chromosome dimer formation in the absence of the replication termination system. Our results also indicate that SpoIIIE probably enhances the function of the RipX recombinase system. We also determined the subcellular location of the replication termination protein and found that it is a good marker for the position of the chromosome terminus.

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Section: The Absence Of Rtp Probably Results In An Increase In Chromomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of replication termination mutants on chromosome partitioning in Bacillussubtilis

Lemon

Kurtser²,

Grossman³

2000

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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“…In addition, six so-called par genes involved in decatenation of interlinked daughter chromosomes have been characterized, as well as a number of genes thought to be involved in chromosome movement and partitioning (reviewed in reference 43). Among the latter group are the muk, minD, and ftsK genes of E. coli (12,23,49) and the smc, spoOJ, and spoIIIE genes of B. subtilis (6,13,26,45). Finally, recent work by Lemon and Grossman (19) indicates that the process of DNA replication itself may contribute to the movement and separation of daughter chromosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, PrfA has no significant primary sequence homology to known recombinases, indicating that the effect of PrfA on homologous recombination may be indirect. Interestingly, the C-terminal domain of the E. coli FtsK protein, which is involved in chromosome segregation (23,49), was recently shown to be required for resolution of chromosome dimers by site-specific recombination at dif, and it was suggested that FtsK could play a general role in preparing the nucleoid structure in a way that allows dif and the XerC/D recombinases to function properly (40). A XerC and XerD homologue, RipX, was recently identified in B. subtilis, and it was shown that ripX cells display chromosome segregation defects similar to those reported here for prfA cells (36).…”

Section: Vol 182 2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Penicillin-Binding Protein-Related Factor A Is Required for Proper Chromosome Segregation in Bacillus subtilis

Pedersen

Setlow

2000

J Bacteriol

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Previous work has shown that the ponA gene, encoding penicillin-binding protein 1 (PBP1), is in a two-gene operon with prfA (PBP-related factor A) (also called recU), which encodes a putative 206-residue basic protein (pI ‫؍‬ 10.1) with no significant sequence homology to proteins with known functions. Inactivation of prfA results in cells that grow slower and vary significantly in length relative to wild-type cells. We now show that prfA mutant cells have a defect in chromosome segregation resulting in the production of ϳ0.9 to 3% anucleate cells in prfA cultures grown at 30 or 37°C in rich medium and that the lack of PrfA exacerbates the chromosome segregation defect in smc and spoOJ mutant cells. In addition, overexpression of prfA was found to be toxic for and cause nucleoid condensation in Escherichia coli.Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which catalyze the polymerization and cross-linking of bacterial peptidoglycan, can be divided into three classes based on their amino acid sequence: the low-molecular-weight PBPs and the high-molecular-weight (HMW) class A and class B PBPs (8). The HMW class B PBPs are monofunctional transpeptidases, some of which have essential functions in septation and maintenance of cell shape (8), while the HMW class A PBPs have both transglycosylase and transpeptidase activities (14, 42) and appear to be somewhat functionally redundant (17, 34). The Bacillus subtilis ponA gene, coding for the HMW class A PBP1, is transcribed predominantly during log-phase growth (34). Previous work with B. subtilis mutants lacking one or several of the three known HMW class A PBPs (PBP1, PBP2c, and PBP4) showed that (i) lack of PBP1 results in slower growth, increased cell length, and decreased cell diameter and (ii) PBP1 is functionally more important than PBP2c and PBP4 (34). It was also recently demonstrated that PBP1 localizes to cell division sites and plays an important role in the formation of the peptidoglycan division septum in vegetative cells of B. subtilis (30).The ponA gene is part of a two-gene operon that also includes prfA (PBP-related factor A [note that in the B. subtilis genome database, prfA is called recU]), which is located immediately upstream of and cotranscribed with ponA (33). prfA codes for a putative 206 residue, basic protein (pI of 10.1), which has no significant sequence homology to proteins with known functions. However, DNA sequencing has indicated that genes encoding similar proteins are present in a large number of gram-positive bacteria: a BLAST search (2) of prfA against completed and unfinished microbial genomes (preliminary sequence data were obtained from The Institute of Genomic Research Website at http://www.tigr.org) produced sequences with significant homology from 10 different grampositive organisms, while no prfA homologs were detected in gram-negative bacteria by this analysis. The former organisms include Enterococcus faecalis (54% identity in a 192-aminoacid overlap), Staphylococcus aureus (58% identity in a 167-amino-acid overlap), Streptococcus p...

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“…The N-terminus is responsible for targeting FtsK to the division machinery, where it plays an essential role in the septation process Yu et al, 1998]. The Cterminus, by contrast, is dispensable for divisiome function and acts as an ATP-dependent DNA translocase [Aussel et al, 2002;Saleh et al, 2004] that pumps DNA away from the septal region of the cells [Liu et al, 1998;Yu et al, 1998]. It is still unclear how FtsK determines the direction its substrate has to be translocated to be positioned in the correct daughter cell compartment.…”

Section: The Last Stages Of Dna Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bacterial nucleoid: A highly organized and dynamic structure

Thanbichler

Wang

Shapiro

2005

J of Cellular Biochemistry

122

101

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Recent advances in bacterial cell biology have revealed unanticipated structural and functional complexity, reminiscent of eukaryotic cells. Particular progress has been made in understanding the structure, replication, and segregation of the bacterial chromosome. It emerged that multiple mechanisms cooperate to establish a dynamic assembly of supercoiled domains, which are stacked in consecutive order to adopt a defined higher-level organization. The position of genetic loci on the chromosome is thereby linearly correlated with their position in the cell. SMC complexes and histone-like proteins continuously remodel the nucleoid to reconcile chromatin compaction with DNA replication and gene regulation. Moreover, active transport processes ensure the efficient segregation of sister chromosomes and the faithful restoration of nucleoid organization while DNA replication and condensation are in progress.

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FtsK is a bifunctional protein involved in cell division and chromosome localization in Escherichia coli

Cited by 135 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of replication termination mutants on chromosome partitioning in Bacillussubtilis

Effects of replication termination mutants on chromosome partitioning in Bacillussubtilis

Penicillin-Binding Protein-Related Factor A Is Required for Proper Chromosome Segregation in Bacillus subtilis

The bacterial nucleoid: A highly organized and dynamic structure

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