Fucoxanthin Prevents the Ovalbumin-Induced Food Allergic Response by Enhancing the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier and Regulating the Intestinal Flora

Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether fucoxanthin alleviated ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy (FA) and explored the possible mechanisms. The results indicated that supplementation with fucoxanthin at 10.0−20.0 mg/kg per day for 7 weeks inhibited food anaphylaxis and the production of immunoglobulin (Ig) E, IgG, histamine, and related cytokines while alleviating allergic symptoms in sensitized mice. Fucoxanthin enhanced the intestinal epithelial barrier by up-regulating tight junction (TJ) protein expression and promoting regenerating islet-derived protein III-gamma (RegIIIγ) and secretory IgA (sIgA) secretion. In addition, fucoxanthin induced the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)) by regulatory T (Treg) cells and decreased the pro-inflammatory factor levels (IL-4, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-17, and IL-1β), ameliorating intestinal inflammation. Compared with the model group, beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillaceae, increased in the intestinal flora, while pathogenic bacteria like Helicobacteraceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Streptococcaceae decreased. Therefore, fucoxanthin may effectively prevent FA by enhancing the intestinal epithelial barrier and reshaping the intestinal flora.

Combination of Gut Microbial Features and the Proteomic Pattern Revealed Changes in Specific Intestinal Luminal Factors and Mechanisms of Their Regulation of Gluten Allergy

“…Apart from luminal physicochemical factors, gut microbiota dysbiosis was a distinctive mark associated with GA. Prior population-based studies have confirmed the association between microbial dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of FA, − and findings from animal studies have shown that several specific genera or species were able to alter intestinal immune homeostasis, which can lead to allergic diseases. ,, In coincident with these findings, our 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that gluten sensitization caused an altered gut microbial profile in GS mice, which might result from a balance shift between gut commensal bacteria and potentially proallergic microorganisms. Typically, a mature and healthy gut microbiota is dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and is characterized by a dynamically stable F/B ratio.…”

“…8 It has also been reported that the intestinal epithelial barrier and gut microbial structure were severely disrupted in response to OVA sensitizations, which was remarkably alleviated by the oral administration of fucoxanthin. 9 Given the role of key intestinal luminal factors in defining FA severity, an enhanced understanding of the association between intestinal environment homeostasis and biological processes may be an achievable method for developing a therapeutic strategy for FA.…”

“…Serial determinations of gluten-induced allergic phenotypes revealed dynamic changes in IMFs, which were underlined by elevated colonic luminal pH and malonaldehyde, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, suppressed short-chain fatty acid production, and microbial community alterations . It has also been reported that the intestinal epithelial barrier and gut microbial structure were severely disrupted in response to OVA sensitizations, which was remarkably alleviated by the oral administration of fucoxanthin . Given the role of key intestinal luminal factors in defining FA severity, an enhanced understanding of the association between intestinal environment homeostasis and biological processes may be an achievable method for developing a therapeutic strategy for FA.…”

Dietary Protective Potential of Fucoxanthin as an Active Food Component on Neurological Disorders

“…Germ-free APP transgenic mice have significantly reduced brain Aβ amyloid pathology compared with control mice with gut microbiota, and two microbial groups, Allobaculum and Akkermansia , may be involved in the AD intervention process, namely, the composition and abundance of microorganisms can affect the development of AD, and the diversity of gut microbiota is significantly reduced in AD populations . Increasingly, studies find that dietary fucoxanthin can improve gut microbial abundance and activity. , The changes in the abundance of microbiota in six phylums were detected in the cecum samples of BARB/c mice with fucoxanthin (125 mg/kg) dietary intervention compared with the control group, among which the number of Firmicutes decreased and Bacteroides increased, and the F/B ratio regulation of intestinal flora tended to be positive . On the other hand, the administration of fucoxanthin significantly inhibited the growth of Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae , and the improvement of microbiota disorder may reduce neuroinflammation and epithelial tight junction damage and produce neuroprotective effects. , In cognitively impaired patients (Amy+), pro-inflammatory gut microbiota (GMB) such as Escherichia and Shigella are increased .…”

“…87 Increasingly, studies find that dietary fucoxanthin can improve gut microbial abundance and activity. 89,90 The changes in the abundance of microbiota in six phylums were detected in the cecum samples of BARB/c mice with fucoxanthin (125 mg/kg) dietary intervention compared with the control group, among which the number of Firmicutes decreased and Bacteroides increased, and the F/B ratio regulation of intestinal flora tended to be positive. 89 On the other hand, the administration of fucoxanthin significantly inhibited the growth of Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, and the improvement of microbiota disorder may reduce neuroinflammation and epithelial tight junction damage and produce neuroprotective effects.…”