Fuel and Additive Effects on Diesel Particulate-Development and Demonstration of Methodology

Hare, Charles T.; Springer, Karl J.; Bradow, Ronald L.

doi:10.4271/760130

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Diesel fuels, motor oils, tires, and soil together account for only 15%40% of the diesel-particulate Zn; but the average of the published values for Zn in diesel exhaust particulate matter (Frey and Corn, 1967;Braddock and Bradow, 1975;Hare et al, 1976;Hare and Baines, 1979;Hare and Bradow, 1979;Dietzmann et al, 1980;Gabele et al, 1981) is (0.14+0.19)%, which is at least consistent with the diesel-particulate Zn recorded in Table 2.…”

Section: Scandium Soil Dust Accounts For All Of the Scsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The average literature value (Braddock and Bradow, 1975;Hare et al, 1976;Braddock and Gabele, 1977;Springer and Banes, 1977;Hare and Baines, 1979;Hare and Bradow, 1979;Kiyoura, 1980;Gabele et al, 1981;Ullman and Hare, 1981)for S o h p 2 content (or S context X 3) in diesel exhaust particulate matter is (4.6 f 2.0)%, comparable to the value in Table 2.…”

Section: Origins Of the Vehicle-aerosol Constituentssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The literature average (Hare et al, 1976;Springer and Baines, 1977;Hare and Baines, 1979;Hare and Bradow, 1979) for N in diesel exhaust particulate matter is (0.7+0.2)%, less than half the value in Table 2.…”

Section: Origins Of the Vehicle-aerosol Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average literature value (Braddock and Bradow, 1975;Hare et al, 1976;Springer and Baines, 1977;Springer and Stahman 1977;Hare and Baines, 1979;Hare and Bradow, 1979) for C in diesel exhaust particulate matter is (74.5 f 5.4)%.…”

Section: Origins Of the Vehicle-aerosol Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diesel fuel can account for -100% of the diesel-particulate Ba, if-as dilution-tube experiments with diesel fuel containing Ba smokesuppressant additive (Hare et a]., 1976; have verified-the preponderance of the fuel Ba consumed is emitted. Motor oils account for all of the Ba from gasoline-powered vehicles.…”

Section: Scandium Soil Dust Accounts For All Of the Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

Pierson

Brachaczek

1982

Aerosol Science and Technology

158

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Section: Scandium Soil Dust Accounts For All Of the Scsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Origins Of the Vehicle-aerosol Constituentssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Origins Of the Vehicle-aerosol Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Origins Of the Vehicle-aerosol Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scandium Soil Dust Accounts For All Of the Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

Pierson

Brachaczek

1982

Aerosol Science and Technology

158

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PAH Content of Exhaust Gases from Fuels with Different Aromatic Fraction

Candeli

Morozzi

Shapiro

1983

Mobile Source Emissions Including Policyclic Organic Species

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Combustion of diesel fuel from a toxicological perspective

Scheepers

Bos

1992

Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath

115

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Since the use of diesel engines is still increasing, the contribution of their incomplete combustion products to air pollution is becoming ever more important. The presence of irritating and genotoxic substances in both the gas phase and the particulate phase constituents is considered to have significant health implications. The quantity of soot particles and the particle-associated organics emitted from the tail pipe of a diesel-powered vehicle depend primarily on the engine type and combustion conditions but also on fuel properties. The quantity of soot particles in the emissions is determined by the balance between the rate of formation and subsequent oxidation. Organics are absorbed onto carbon cores in the cylinder, in the exhaust system, in the atmosphere and even on the filter during sample collection. Diesel fuel contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some alkyl derivatives. Both groups of compounds may survive the combustion process. PAHs are formed by the combustion of crankcase oil or may be resuspended from engine and/or exhaust deposits. The conversion of parent PAHs to oxygenated and nitrated PAHs in the combustion chamber or in the exhaust system is related to the vast amount of excess combustion air that is supplied to the engine and the high combustion temperature. Whether the occurrence of these derivatives is characteristic for the composition of diesel engine exhaust remains to be ascertained. After the emission of the particles, their properties may change because of atmospheric processes such as aging and resuspension. The particle-associated organics may also be subject to (photo)chemical conversions or the components may change during sampling and analysis. Measurement of emissions of incomplete combustion products as determined on a chassis dynamometer provides knowledge of the chemical composition of the particle-associated organics. This knowledge is useful as a basis for a toxicological evaluation of the health hazards of diesel engine emissions.

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Fuel and Additive Effects on Diesel Particulate-Development and Demonstration of Methodology

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

PAH Content of Exhaust Gases from Fuels with Different Aromatic Fraction

Combustion of diesel fuel from a toxicological perspective

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