Fuel cells as an advanced alternative energy source for the residential sector applications in Malaysia

Zakaria, Zulfirdaus; Kamarudin, Siti Kartom; Wahid, Khairul Anuar Abd

doi:10.1002/er.6252

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…The anode catalyst suffers from surface evolution, oxidation, leaching, etc., and in addition, the leached metal ions from the anode can migrate through the electrolyte and then be redeposited on the cathode, likely lowering the activity of the cathodic HER. Besides, the ionic conductivity of the membrane decreases after long‐term operation, probably due to the chemical/mechanical degradation [ 159,160 ] and CO 2 (from air) contamination. [ 161 ] In addition, a recent study showed anion ionomer degradation/dissolution in the CL.…”

Section: Application Of Oer Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Environment: Material Challenges and Solutions

Xie

Yan

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

355

162

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The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) generally exists in electrochemistry-enabled applications that are coupled with cathodic reactions like hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, ammonia synthesis, and electrocatalytic hydrogenation. The OER heavily impacts the overall energy efficiency of these devices because the sluggish OER kinetics result in a huge overpotential, thus, a large amount of efficient catalysts are needed. The benchmark iridium and ruthenium (Ir/Ru)based materials (mostly used in acid media) are, however, significantly limited by their scarcity. Non-precious metal-based catalysts (NPMCs) have emerged as the most promising alternatives; however, they tend to degrade quickly under the harsh operating conditions of typical OER devices. Another challenge is the unsatisfying performance of OER catalysts when integrated in real-world devices. Herein, the OER active sites for three mainstream types of NPMCs including nonprecious transition metal oxides/(oxy)hydroxides, metal-free carbon materials, and hybrid non-precious metal and carbon composites are reviewed. In addition, possible degradation mechanisms for active sites and mitigation strategies are discussed in detail. This review also provides insights into the gaps between R&D of NPMCs for the OER and their applications in practical devices.

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Section: Application Of Oer Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Environment: Material Challenges and Solutions

Xie

Yan

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

355

162

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“…ENE-FARM in Japan and Lolland Hydrogen Community in Denmark are typical examples of current domestic fuel cell-based CHP systems [7]- [9]. In the near future, domestic fuel cell-based CHP (DFCCHP) systems are likely to become a common way to generate power due to the environmental issues related to carbon emissions [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Power Dispatch With Load Scheduling for Domestic Fuel Cell-Based Combined Heat and Power System

Yao

Teo

2022

IEEE Access

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This study proposes an optimization scheme of thermal power and electric power dispatch integrated with load scheduling for the domestic fuel cell-based combined heat and power (DFCCHP) system. The scheme is implemented in home energy management systems installed in smart homes. To provide accurate energy cost evaluation for the optimization scheme, the nonlinear electric efficiency characteristics of the fuel cell are approximated with a polynomial expression. Along with the inclusion of thermal power dispatch in the scheme, the nonlinear relationship between the thermal power and the electric power of the fuel cell is incorporated to design temperature constraints in the DFCCHP system. On top of the nonlinearity and complexity of the fuel cell, residential electric load scheduling and other energy sources including the power grid, PV panels, and battery energy storage are considered to ensure that the scheme takes a comprehensive energy management approach. Because of the nonlinearity that exists in the modeling of the DFCCHP system, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation is utilized to solve the optimization problem. The scheme is tested in a day-ahead environment with time-varying electricity prices and natural gas prices. The optimization aims to minimize the electricity cost and natural gas cost. It is shown in the simulation that optimization scheme dispatches the electric power and thermal power in an optimal way so that the energy cost due to time-varying electricity prices and natural gas prices is minimized. The electricity cost optimization puts both power purchase and power selling into consideration. It is also shown in the simulation that the household loads are scheduled in an optimal way to the time slots with lower electricity prices in accordance with the optimal thermal and electric power dispatch.INDEX TERMS Home energy management system, nonlinear optimization, combined heat and power, load scheduling, power dispatch, fuel cell, PV panels.

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“…Residential contributes a majority of Malaysia's electrical energy consumers. The majority of electricity consumers in most countries are residential sector [1], [2]. In Malaysia, residential contribute 21% from 54% building energy consumption [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of electricity load shifting under various tariff design using ant colony optimization algorithm

Sulaima

Baharin

Kadir

et al. 2022

IJEECS

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<span>A price-based program through a time of use tariff (TOU) program is one of the initiatives to offer sufficient benefit for both consumers and generations sides. However, without any strategy for implementing optimal load management, a new tariff design structure will lead to the miss perception by electricity consumers. Therefore, this study offers an investigation toward appropriate TOU tariff design to reflect load profiles. Concurrently, the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm was proposed to deal with the load shifting strategy to determine the best load profiles and reducing the consumers’ electricity cost. The sample load profiles data is obtained from various residential houses, such as single-story, double-story, semi-D, apartment, and bungalow houses. The significant comparison between baseline flat tariffs to several TOU tariffs has shown an improvement in the percentage of cost saving for approximately 7 to 40%. Furthermore, the identified load management was observed where the maximum load shifting weightage was set up to 30% to reflect the consumers’ effort towards energy efficiency (EE) program. The previously proposed TOU design was identified to be a suitable structure that can promote balancing of EE and demand response (DR) program effort in most consumers' houses category in Malaysia.</span>

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Fuel cells as an advanced alternative energy source for the residential sector applications in Malaysia

Cited by 26 publications

References 170 publications

Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Environment: Material Challenges and Solutions

Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Environment: Material Challenges and Solutions

Optimization of Power Dispatch With Load Scheduling for Domestic Fuel Cell-Based Combined Heat and Power System

Investigation of electricity load shifting under various tariff design using ant colony optimization algorithm

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