Fuel oil and dispersant toxicity to the Antarctic sea urchin (<i>Sterechinus neumayeri</i>)

Alexander, F.R.E.S. Charles P.; King, Catherine K.; Reichelt‐Brushett, Amanda; Harrison, Peter Lynton

doi:10.1002/etc.3679

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Until now, the sea urchin has been used in ecotoxicological studies [125,126]. The effect of various chemicals, including PAHs, on the development of sea urchins has been evaluated [127][128][129]. In the marine environment, the lipids and organic carbons of invertebrates have been exposed to and accumulated PAHs [130].…”

Section: Toxicity Of Ohpahs To Sea Urchinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Aquatic Animals

Honda

Suzuki

2020

IJERPH

419

126

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds that are widely distributed in the air, water, and soil. Recently, the amount of PAHs derived from fuels and from incomplete combustion processes is increasing. In the aquatic environment, oil spills directly cause PAH pollution and affect marine organisms. Oil spills correlate very well with the major shipping routes. Furthermore, accidental oil spills can seriously impact the marine environment toxicologically. Here, we describe PAH toxicities and related bioaccumulation properties in aquatic animals, including invertebrates. Recent studies have revealed the toxicity of PAHs, including endocrine disruption and tissue-specific toxicity, although researchers have mainly focused on the carcinogenic toxicity of PAHs. We summarize the toxicity of PAHs regarding these aspects. Additionally, the bioaccumulation properties of PAHs for organisms, including invertebrates, are important factors when considering PAH toxicity. In this review, we describe the bioaccumulation properties of PAHs in aquatic animals. Recently, microplastics have been the most concerning environmental problem in the aquatic ecosystem, and the vector effect of microplastics for lipophilic compounds is an emerging environmental issue. Here, we describe the correlation between PAHs and microplastics. Thus, we concluded that PAHs have a toxicity for aquatic animals, indicating that we should emphasize the prevention of aquatic PAH pollution.

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Section: Toxicity Of Ohpahs To Sea Urchinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Aquatic Animals

Honda

Suzuki

2020

IJERPH

419

126

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“…There are few published studies on the sensitivity of Antarctic marine invertebrates to fuels. Amphipods, copepods, echinoderms, and the coastal Antarctic zooplankton community have been demonstrated to be sensitive to SAB diesel and fuel oils at low concentrations (Lane and Riddle 2004; Payne et al 2014; Alexander et al 2017; Brown et al 2017). Most of these studies however, have examined a single species or life stage, and a single fuel only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The early life stages of sea urchins are frequently used as model test organisms because they are sensitive indicators of the toxicity of a range of contaminants (Kobayashi 1981); however, most tests to date have been carried out with temperate and tropical species. The Antarctic endemic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri (Meissner 1900) has been demonstrated to be a suitable test organism for determining effects of contaminants in Antarctica (King and Riddle 2001; Alexander et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Petroleum Fuels on Fertilization and Development of the Antarctic Sea Urchin Sterechinus neumayeri

Brown

King

Harrison

2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Antarctic marine environments are at risk from petroleum fuel spills as shipping activities in the Southern Ocean increase. Knowledge of the sensitivity of Antarctic species to fuels under environmentally realistic exposure conditions is lacking. We determined the toxicity of 3 fuels, Special Antarctic Blend diesel (SAB), marine gas oil (MGO), and intermediate fuel oil (IFO 180) to a common Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri. Sensitivity was estimated for early developmental stages from fertilization to the early 4-arm pluteus in toxicity tests of up to 24 d duration. The effects of the water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of fuels were investigated under different exposure scenarios to determine the relative sensitivity of stages and of different exposure regimes. Sensitivity to fuel WAFs increased through development. Both MGO and IFO 180 were more toxic than SAB, with median effect concentration values for the most sensitive pluteus stage of 3.5, 6.5, and 252 µg/L total hydrocarbon content, respectively. Exposure to a single pulse during fertilization and early embryonic development showed toxicity patterns similar to those observed from continuous exposure. The results show that exposure to fuel WAFs during critical early life stages affects the subsequent viability of larvae, with consequent implications for reproductive success. The sensitivity estimates for S. neumayeri that we generated can be utilized in risk assessments for the management of Antarctic marine ecosystems.

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“…Very few aqueous toxicity tests have been carried out with Antarctic marine invertebrates, and these have mostly focused on metals [9][10][11][12] or on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [13]. Similarly, there have been few studies with polar marine invertebrates exposed to water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of refined oils or fuels [14][15][16] and only 1 published study on the sensitivity of 3 common Antarctic copepods and the broader zooplankton community to WAFs of diesel fuel [17]. There are also few studies addressing the toxicity of modern residual bunker fuels [16,18], which contain PAHs and show high toxicity to aquatic organisms [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, there have been few studies with polar marine invertebrates exposed to water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of refined oils or fuels [14][15][16] and only 1 published study on the sensitivity of 3 common Antarctic copepods and the broader zooplankton community to WAFs of diesel fuel [17]. There are also few studies addressing the toxicity of modern residual bunker fuels [16,18], which contain PAHs and show high toxicity to aquatic organisms [19]. Despite their importance in the Antarctic marine ecosystem, estimates are lacking for the sensitivity of Antarctic amphipod species to hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal and behavioral impacts of diesel and fuel oil on the Antarctic amphipodParamoera walkeri

Brown

King

Harrison

2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Toxicity testing with Antarctic species is required for risk assessment of fuel spills in Antarctic coastal waters. The lethal and sublethal (movement behavior) sensitivities of adults and juveniles of the Antarctic amphipod Paramoera walkeri to the water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of 3 fuels were estimated in extended-duration tests at -1 °C to 21 d. Response of P. walkeri for lethal hydrocarbon concentrations was slow, with 50% lethal concentrations (LC50s) first able to be estimated at 7 d for adults exposed to Special Antarctic Blend diesel (SAB), which had the highest hydrocarbon concentrations of the 3 fuel WAFs. Juveniles showed greater response to marine gas oil (MGO) and intermediate residual fuel oil (IFO 180) at longer exposure durations and were most sensitive at 21 d to IFO 180 (LC50 = 12 μg/L). Adults were initially more sensitive than juveniles; at 21 d, however, juveniles were more than twice as sensitive as adults to SAB (LC50 = 153 μg/L and 377 μg/L, respectively). Significant effects on movement behavior were evident at earlier time points and lower concentrations than was mortality in all 3 fuel WAFs, and juveniles were highly sensitive to sublethal effects of MGO. These first estimates of Antarctic amphipod sensitivity to diesel and fuel oils in seawater contribute to the development of ecologically relevant risk assessments for management of hydrocarbon contamination in the region. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2444-2455. © 2017 SETAC.

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Fuel oil and dispersant toxicity to the Antarctic sea urchin (Sterechinus neumayeri)

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Toxicities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Aquatic Animals

Toxicities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Aquatic Animals

Impacts of Petroleum Fuels on Fertilization and Development of the Antarctic Sea Urchin Sterechinus neumayeri

Lethal and behavioral impacts of diesel and fuel oil on the Antarctic amphipodParamoera walkeri

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