Fuel quality and dry matter losses of stored wood chips - Influence of cover material

Anerud, Erik; Bergström, Dan; Routa, Johanna; Eliasson, L.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106109

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The results showed a general low level of measured average temperatures within the piles followed during storage. Results are similar to previous studies on wood chips storage where measured temperatures within the piles also remained below 40 • C [20,26]. This may be explained by the high quality of the stored stemwood chips, indicated by the parameters presented in this experiment's results, e.g., moisture content and particle size distribution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The applied study methodology was comparable to the procedures presented by previous studies on comparable material [20,26]. The results showed a general low level of measured average temperatures within the piles followed during storage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Research presented in [20] stated DML during seasonal storage of spruce woodchips was up to 11.1%, with mean monthly DML of 0.7-2.2%. For chips produced from Norway spruce stemwood, the authors of [26] presented monthly DML of 0.4% in a pile covered with a semi-permeable sheet and 1.1% in uncovered piles. Consequently, the presented monthly DML of 0.63% for stemwood chip storage in this study can be considered low, though within the range of previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors of [16] showed the importance of an appropriate covering strategy, in which a cover only on the top of piles may avoid their rewetting. The effect of pile covering has been studied for various types of comminuted raw materials such as pine or spruce bark [17][18][19], spruce logging residues [16,20], mixed species logging residues [21], poplar woodchips [22][23][24][25], and predominantly spruce roundwood chips [20,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Promising cover materials for chip piles stored outdoors as an alternative to plastic covers have been investigated in the past to a limited extent, but they have included semipermeable materials [19,21,26]. A more recent innovation from Finland presented a cover solution designed for wood chip piles based on an ecological material mixture that was combustible with the stored biomass without any need for separation work [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of an Innovative Bio-Based Wood Chip Storage Pile Cover—Can It Replace Plastic Tarps?

et al. 2022

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There is currently great general interest in reducing the use of fossil-based materials. Fossil-based tarps are still widely used as cover for wood chip storage piles, causing additional waste or requiring further waste treatment in the supply chain. This study aimed to investigate the performance of an innovative bio-based wood chip pile cover compared to conventional treatments (plastic-covered and uncovered) in eastern Finnish conditions. The experiment evaluated the drying process during the storage of stemwood chips during 5.9 months of storage. It included the developments of temperature, moisture content, heating value, energy content, basic density, particle size distribution, and the dry matter losses of a total of six piles. As a result, the forest stemwood chips dried by 11%, with dry-matter losses of 4.3%, when covered with the bio-pile cover. Using the plastic covering, the forest stemwood chips dried by 22%, with dry matter losses of 2.9%. At the end of the experiment, the energy content in plastic-covered piles was 6.1% higher than uncovered piles and 3.1% higher than bio-pile-covered piles. While differences in the key drying performance parameters can be observed, the differences between uncovered piles and those covered with plastic tarps, as well as between the bio-based and the uncovered piles, were not statistically significant. We conclude that the bio-based cover, under the studied conditions, do not render better storage conditions than in current practices. However, our study indicates possible fossil-substitutional benefits by using a bio-based cover, which calls for further R&D work in this matter.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of an Innovative Bio-Based Wood Chip Storage Pile Cover—Can It Replace Plastic Tarps?

et al. 2022

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A theoretical evaluation of the impact of the type of reaction on heat production and material losses in biomass piles

Dahlbom¹,

Anerud²,

Lönnermark³

et al. 2023

Fire and Materials

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Self‐heating during storage of biomass in piles causes material losses, leads to emissions to air, and poses a risk of fire. There are different techniques to assess a biomass material's propensity for self‐heating, some of these are briefly reviewed. One of these techniques is isothermal calorimetry, which measures thermal power from materials and produces time‐resolved curves. A recently developed and published test standard, ISO 20049‐1:2020, describes how the self‐heating of pelletized biofuels can be determined by means of isothermal calorimetry and how thermal power and the total heat produced during the test should be measured by isothermal calorimetry. This paper supports interpretation of the result obtained by isothermal calorimetry; the mentioned standard provides examples of peak thermal power and total heat but does not provide any assistance on how the result from isothermal measurements should be interpreted or how the result from measurements on different samples could be compared. This paper addresses the impact of different types of reactions, peak thermal power, total heat released (heat of reaction), activation energy, heat conductivity, and pile size on the temperature development in a generic pile of biomass. This paper addresses important parameters when the result from isothermal calorimetry is evaluated. The most important parameter, with respect to temperature development in large piles, was found to be the total heat released. It was also proposed that safe storage times, that is, the time until a run‐away of the temperature in the pile, could be ranked based on the time to the peak thermal power.

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Monitoring feedstock losses over five months storage of olive tree pruning hog fuel in piles. Comparison of covered vs. uncovered storage

Kougioumtzis

Karampinis

Grammelis

et al. 2021

Biomass and Bioenergy

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Fuel quality and dry matter losses of stored wood chips - Influence of cover material

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Performance of an Innovative Bio-Based Wood Chip Storage Pile Cover—Can It Replace Plastic Tarps?

Performance of an Innovative Bio-Based Wood Chip Storage Pile Cover—Can It Replace Plastic Tarps?

A theoretical evaluation of the impact of the type of reaction on heat production and material losses in biomass piles

Monitoring feedstock losses over five months storage of olive tree pruning hog fuel in piles. Comparison of covered vs. uncovered storage

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