Fuel quality of Norway spruce stumps – influence of harvesting technique and storage method

Anerud, Erik; Jirjis, Raída

doi:10.1080/02827581.2011.561807

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Recent results imply, however, that a substantial part of the cleaning process depends on the transportation, handling and storage of the stumps and that the initial shaking might not be as important (cf. Anerud & Jirjis 2011). Less initial shaking of the stumps should increase stump harvesting productivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…** 1 oven-dry tonne equals to 5.2 MWh, assuming a calorific value of 20.0 MJ/ODkg for stumps with a natural ash content of 1.0% (cf. Anerud & Jirjis 2011) and a moisture content of 35%. ***The excavator cost is assumed to be 77 €/PWH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy content of the stumps was set to 5.2 MWh/ODT assuming a calorific value of 20.0 MJ/ODkg (Anerud & Jirjis 2011) and natural ash content of 1.0%…”

Section: (Table 3 Here)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming a net energy content of 5.2 MWh per ODT (Anerud & Jirjis 2011), the available potential is circa 22 TWh, which corresponds to circa 20 % of the annual biomass based energy consumed in Sweden (Swedish Energy Agency 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pine and spruce stump harvesting productivity and costs using a Pallari KH 160 stump-lifting tool

Athanassiadis

Lindroos

Nordfjell

2011

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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Even though stumpwood may become a significant part of the future fuel mix for combined heat and power plants in Sweden the harvesting of stumps after regeneration fellings is still only performed on a trial basis. Results from time studies on two, 23 tonne, excavators fitted for stump lifting; together with followup data on stump lifting and forwarding are presented. Lifting, splitting and piling the stumps accounted for 17 %, 32 % and 32 %, respectively, of the total productive work time. A predictive model was developed to estimate operational times and productivities when lifting pine and spruce stumps. Stump diameter, species and terrain conditions contributed significantly to the fit of the model. The model predicts that productivity of stump lifting in spruce sites with easy terrain conditions and average stump diameters of 20 and 40 cm will be 1.23 and 4.19 oven-dry tonnes (ODT) per productive work hour respectively. This is 43% higher than in pine sites with difficult terrain conditions and the same diameters. In the follow-up data the productivity in stump lifting varied from 1.5 to 2.9 ODT per productive work hour while the cost for lifting and extraction to roadside varied from 37.8 to 59.4 € per ODT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy content of the stumps was set to 5.2 MWh/ODT assuming a calorific value of 20.0 MJ/ODkg (Anerud & Jirjis 2011) and natural ash content of 1.0%…”

Section: (Table 3 Here)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pine and spruce stump harvesting productivity and costs using a Pallari KH 160 stump-lifting tool

Athanassiadis

Lindroos

Nordfjell

2011

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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“…Clearly, these fuels must be both economically and ecologically acceptable (Anerud and Jirjis 2011), and attractive sources are residue stumps from forestry. However, use of stumps is currently very limited in Sweden (Anerud and Jirjis 2011) as Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) members can only harvest them from 2500 hectares per year nationally, due to ecological concerns (FSC 2012). This is a tiny proportion of the average annual clear cutting area of about 200 000 ha (Christiansen 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stump size and timing of stump harvesting on ground disturbance and root breakage diameter

Berg¹,

Nordfjell²,

Bergström³

2015

Silva Fenn.

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Effect of stump size and timing of stump harvesting on ground disturbance and root breakage diameter Berg S., Bergström D., Nordfjell T. (2015). Effect of stump size and timing of stump harvesting on ground disturbance and root breakage diameter. Silva Fennica vol. 49 no. 5 article id 1312. 17 p. Highlights• The ground disturbance and root breakage diameter during conventional stump harvesting on mineral soil were quantified.• A function for estimating the disturbed area based on stump size was constructed.• Many fine roots were found to be harvested.• The total ground disturbance at the site after stump harvesting was similar to that caused by soil scarification. AbstractStump wood is a possible alternative to fossil fuel. Its harvesting, however, disturbs the ground and this has not yet been quantified at stump level. Such disturbance is likely to be dependent on stump size, type of soil and timing of stump harvesting. Therefore, we measured ground disturbance and root breakage diameter at two Norway spruce sites with sandy glacial till soil. The sites were harvested with a fork type head, 6 and 18 months after clear cutting. Measurements were made within 2 weeks of harvest. No difference was found between the two sites. The mean area of disturbed ground was 6.06 (std 3.14) m 2 per stump and increased exponentially with stump size. A regression function modelling the relationship was constructed. Unexpectedly, many fine roots where extracted in the harvest. The arithmetic and basal area weighted mean root breakage diameter was 4.6 (std 2.2) and 29.5 (std 17.9) mm, respectively. There seems to be a limited increase in root breakage diameter with increased stump size. The small root breakage diameter is associated with reduced fuel quality and greater nutrient removal. It appears that much of the ground disturbance is associated with the creation of ruts rather than stump harvest per se. Stump harvesting disturbs a larger percentage of the area of a harvested site than mounding. Postponing stump harvest by one year did not decrease the ground disturbance or increase the root breakage diameter. To achieve less disturbance and larger root breakage diameter, probably new stump harvesting technology is required.

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Forest Energy Procurement: State of The Art In Finland And Sweden

Routa¹,

Asikainen²,

Björheden³

et al. 2015

Advances in Bioenergy

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The EU should produce 20% of their energy from renewable sources, including bioenergy, by 2020. Each member state has their own target, for example, Finland should produce 38% and Sweden 49% of their energy from renewable sources by 2020. In this context, the development of forest energy utilization and more effective and economic supply systems plays an important role in both countries. The Nordic countries are the world leaders in the utilization of forest biomass for energy production. This paper provides a short overview of the driving forces behind the current technical solutions of forest energy procurement systems in Finland and Sweden and some perspectives on possible future developments. At the moment, the by‐products from forest industries (e.g., sawdust, black liquor) have a high degree of utilization in both countries. Additional raw materials for energy production include logging residues, stump and root wood, small diameter wood, and other wood not in demand by the traditional forest industries. Forest energy supply chains may be characterized based on the location of comminution into roadside comminution, terminal comminution, or comminution at a plant. The productivity of the generally highly sophisticated and costly procurement machinery is, to a large extent, dependent on the operator's skills and thus new technological solutions should be developed to improve their usability and consequently efficiency. This article is categorized under: Bioenergy > Economics and Policy

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Fuel quality of Norway spruce stumps – influence of harvesting technique and storage method

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Pine and spruce stump harvesting productivity and costs using a Pallari KH 160 stump-lifting tool

Pine and spruce stump harvesting productivity and costs using a Pallari KH 160 stump-lifting tool

Effect of stump size and timing of stump harvesting on ground disturbance and root breakage diameter

Forest Energy Procurement: State of The Art In Finland And Sweden

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